A Experiência Norte-Americana de Encomendas Tecnológicas nos Setores Aero-espacial e de Defesa

1. A Experiência Norte-Americana de Encomendas Tecnológicas nos Setores Aero-espacial e de Defesa Seminário Estratégia de Defesa Nacional e a Indústria Brasileira Jorge Avila INPI – Presidente Brasília, 7 de abril de 2009

2. Uma chamada pública • The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has a requirement forhighly specialized support of applied research and development programs. The support includes system engineering and applications-oriented activities to preserve and enhance a strong aerospace systems technology base and to provide expert capabilities in the development, acquisition and operation of aerospace systems. Support shall be provided for mechanical, structural, aerodynamic, thermal, propulsive, electronic, optical, and robotic development; the acquisition of related advanced hardware, components, and software development; along with integration and test of advanced systems on designated terrestrial, space, and launch systems.  The contractor shall also provide technical support for concept and feasibility studies; requirements definition; subsystem design, payload development; and on-orbit operation of space systems; technology transition; program planning and control; along with the security support and information technology functions necessary to carry out ongoing and planned programs.

3. continuação This is a follow-on requirement to work being done under contract N00173-03-C- 2000 with Praxis, Inc, Alexandria, VA. The Government anticipates award of a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee type contract. The anticipated period of performance will be one (1) year with four (4) one-year options. The contractor shall have a TOP SECRET facilities clearance, TOP SECRET safeguarding capabilities and personnel available with DoD granted personnel security clearances commensurate with the level of access required for the performance of the contract. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is 541712.  This solicitation is 100% small business set aside. The primary place of performance will be at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington D.C. The NRL uses Electronic Commerce (EC) to issue RFPs and amendments to RFPs. Papers copies of the RFP will not be provided. This is not a solicitation.  The actual closing date for receipt of proposals will be stated in the solicitation when issued.  All responsible sources may submit a proposal which shall be considered by the agency. This and other business opportunities for NRL are available at our website http://heron.nrl.navy.mil/contracts/listrfp.htm . 

4. As regras do jogo Vale a pena comparar

5. Tipos de Contratos • Família de contratos a preço fixo • Família de contratos “cost plus”

6. Contratos a preço fixo • Firm-Fixed-Price (FFP) • Fixed-Price Incentive Fee (FPIF) • Fixed-Price Award Fee (FPAF) • Fixed Price With Economic Price Adjustment (FPEPA) -

7. Contrato a preço fixo firme • Firm-Fixed-Price (FFP) Provides for a price that is not subject to any adjustment on the basis of the contractor’s cost experience in performing the contract. This type of contract places upon the contractor maximum risk and full responsibility for all costs and resulting profit or loss. Provides maximum incentive for the contractor to control costs, and imposes a minimum administrative burden on the customer.

8. Contrato a preço fixo mais incentivo de desempenho • Fixed-Price Incentive Fee (FPIF) - Uses an incentive whereby the contractor’s profit is increased or decreased by a predetermined share of an overrun or under run. A firm target is established from which to later compute the overrun or under run. A ceiling price is set as the maximum amount the customer will pay. Necessary elements for this type of contract are: • target cost - best estimate of expected cost; • target profit - fair profit at target cost; share ratio(s) - to adjust profit after actual costs are documented; and, • ceiling price - limit the amount the government will pay.

9. Contrato a preço fixo mais prêmio por qualidade • Fixed-Price Award Fee (FPAF) – Establishes a fixed price (including normal profit) for the effort. This price will be paid for satisfactory contract performance. An award fee can also be earned based upon a judgmental evaluation by the customer, sufficient to provide motivation for excellence in contract performance.

10. Contrato a preço fixo ajustável • Fixed Price With Economic Price Adjustment (FPEPA) - A type of contract providing for upward or downward revision of the stated contract price upon the occurrence of a specified contingency. Adjustments may reflect increases/decreases in actual costs of labor or material, or in specific indices of labor or material costs.

11. Contratos “cost plus” • Cost Plus Fixed-Fee (CPFF) • Cost Plus Incentive-Fee (CPIF) • Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF)

12. Custo mais taxa de lucro fixa • Cost Plus Fixed-Fee (CPFF) - A cost reimbursement type contract which provides for the payment of a fixed fee to the contractor. The fixed fee once negotiated, does not vary with actual cost, but may be adjusted as a result of any subsequent changes in the scope of work or services to be performed under the contract.

13. Custo mais taxa de incentivo • Cost Plus Incentive-Fee (CPIF) - A cost reimbursement type contract with provision for a fee which is adjusted by formula in accordance with the relationship which total allowable costs bear to target costs. The provision for increase or decrease in the fee, depending upon allowable costs of contract performance, is designed as an incentive to the contractor to increase the efficiency of performance.

14. Custo mais taxa básica mais taxa prêmio • Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) – A cost reimbursement contract that provides for a fee consisting of (a) a base amount (which may be zero) fixed at inception of the contract and (b) an award amount, based upon a judgmental evaluation by the customer, sufficient to provide motivation for excellence in contract performance.

15. Anúncio de vencedores Washington, February 25, 2009 -- NASA has selected three companies to receive a subsonic rotary wing technology development contract valued at $40 million. The companies sharing the award are Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. of Hurst, Texas; The Boeing Company of Chicago; and Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. of Stratford, Conn.This is a cost plus fixed fee, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract with a five-year period of performance beginning Feb. 25, 2009.The work will be performed for NASA's Subsonic Rotary Wing Project, which the Fundamental Aeronautics Program of NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate in Washington funds and manages.

16. Continuação Under the terms of the contract, the three companies will compete on task orders to provide research and development support. The support areas include advanced rotorcraft technologies, rotorcraft requirements in the Next Generation Air Traffic Management System, prognostics and health management, advanced rotorcraft configurations, research flight testing, wind tunnel test stands, hardware gear testing components, rotorcraft drive system sensitivity studies, avionic processor equipment and Global Positioning System upgrades, engineering analyses of advanced concepts, subject matter expert review, and advanced cockpit and crew station research. Source : NASA

17. A eleição dos vencedores • Pré-qualificação • Planos de tarefas (work-flow)

18. São 3 !!! • Under the terms of the contract, the three companies will compete on task orders to provide research and development support. The support areas include advanced rotorcraft technologies, rotorcraft requirements in the Next Generation Air Traffic Management System, prognostics and health management, advanced rotorcraft configurations, research flight testing, wind tunnel test stands, hardware gear testing components, rotorcraft drive system sensitivity studies, avionic processor equipment and Global Positioning System upgrades, engineering analyses of advanced concepts, subject matter expert review, and advanced cockpit and crew station research.

19. Competição por resultados • Vence cada etapa quem desenvolve a melhor solução no prazo estipulado • Todos recebem o que foi contratado, desde que entreguem o resultado previsto em seu plano de tarefas

20. O que ganha o vencedor? • A propriedade intelectual da solução adotada é sua • Ela poderá ser licenciada para os outros concorrentes (?), a critério do DoD (?) • O Departamento de Defesa não fica nas mãos de um só fornecedor • O solucionador de cada problema receberá SEMPRE os royalties, MAS NEM SEMPRE as encomendas

21. Sistema consolidado? • Sempre criticado, e sempre revisado • No momento opera-se uma mudança em direção a contratos de preço fixo, depois de anos de supremacia absoluta dos contratos “cost plus” • Há experimentos recentes de modalidades cooperativas, e não competitivas (vários vencedores, mas apenas um plano de tarefas)

22. Lição básica: flexibilidade e atenção às especificidades, mas com regras claras • É essencialmente diferente encomendar o que ainda não existe de contratar ou adquirir o que já existe • Há riscos e incertezas: por isso, também, mais de um contratado

23. Direitos de propriedade • Os direitos associados à propriedade devem ser bem estabelecidos nos contratos • Evitar conflitos • Estabelecer os poderes do contratante sobre o licenciamento, de modo a evitar concentração de poder de mercado no suprimento futuro

24. Jorgeavila@inpi.gov.br www.inpi.gov.br Muito Obrigado