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HIST 2106 Early Medieval Europe The Sack of Rome

HIST 2106 Early Medieval Europe The Sack of Rome. Terms to Know. Visigoths Vandals The Battle of Adrianople, 378 Stilicho (d. 408) Alaric (370-410) Sack of Rome (410). The Fourth Century Empire. Visigoths. Western Branch of the Gothic people

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HIST 2106 Early Medieval Europe The Sack of Rome

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  1. HIST 2106Early Medieval EuropeThe Sack of Rome

  2. Terms to Know • Visigoths • Vandals • The Battle of Adrianople, 378 • Stilicho (d. 408) • Alaric (370-410) • Sack of Rome (410)

  3. The Fourth Century Empire

  4. Visigoths • Western Branch of the Gothic people • First invaded empire in 268 AD and were routed • Settled Dacia and converted to Christianity • 376: Settled inside Empire with permission of Emperor Valens • Crop failure sparked crisis Emperor Valens (364-378), brother and co-ruler of Valentinian (d. 375) & nephew Gratian (367-383)

  5. The Battle of Adrianople, 378 • Visigoths inside the empire faced starvation • Imperial governors refused them aid and conflict ensued • Valens’ army marched from Constantinople, 60,000 strong • Faced 50,000 Gothic infantry & 50,000 cavalry • 40,000 Romans perished, including Valens

  6. Theodosius (379-395) • Made co-Emperor under Gratian (military reputation) • Carried on the Gothic War and brought peace in 380 • Presided over church councils in 381 & 383: seeking concord between Arians and Catholics • 387: Put down the western usurper, Maximus Theodosius was the last Roman emperor to earn the epithet “the Great”

  7. Vandals • Settled Slovakia & Silesia in the 2nd century • First encountered Romans in the reign of Probus (270s) • Often allied with other Germanic tribes (Burgundians, Suevi & Gepids) • Germanization of the Roman Army: non-citizens began to form the bulk of military • 406: Vandals occupy much of Gaul & Spain; commandeer 2/3 of agricultural produce as their tribute

  8. Stilicho (359 – 408) • Germanic origins; rose through Army ranks • Married niece of Emperor Theodosius • 395: became regent for young Honorius • Attempted to install his son as Emperor and was executed

  9. Alaric (370-410) • Visigothic leader within the Roman empire • 395: king of the Visigoths • 401: first invades Italy • 407: Under Stilicho, Rome pays off Alaric (alliance ends with Stilicho’s death) • 408-9: Alaric invades anew; fails to negotiate terms with Honorius A Visigothic cavalryman

  10. The Sack of Rome, 410 • Alaric set up and deposed a puppet emperor in Rome before storming and attacking the city • The first successful attack upon Rome since pre-Republican times • Alaric carried on to attack Sicily and Africa • Dying of illness after his return, he was succeeded by his brother Ataulf who strengthened his hold on Italy and led Visigothic expeditions into Gaul

  11. The Fifth Century Empire

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