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Warm Up

Warm Up. What were the causes and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion? What were the positive and negative effects of British rule on Indians? How did British rule lead to growing Indian nationalism?. Trading Opium for Tea.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up What were the causes and effects of the Sepoy Rebellion? What were the positive and negative effects of British rule on Indians? How did British rule lead to growing Indian nationalism?

  2. Trading Opium for Tea • “we have heard that in our own country opium is prohibited with the utmost strictness and severity – this is strong proof that you know full well how hurtful it is…Since…you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country.” • How did Western powers use diplomacy and war to gain power in China?

  3. Trade between Britain and China • Prior to the 1800s, China had strict limits on foreign traders • China sold them silk, porcelain, and tea in exchange for gold and silver • China had a trade surplus (exported more than imported) • Westerners had a trade deficit with China

  4. Two Developments Changed China 1. China entered into a period of decline • Industrial Revolution created a need to expand markets for European goods

  5. Opium Wars • Britain imported a lot of tea from China • China had no interest in any European items • To solve trade imbalance, Britain imported Opiuminto China • Highly addictive; Chinese tried to ban • Silver flowed OUT of China for the drug

  6. Opium Wars • Conflict erupted - Opium Wars • British refused to stop selling – right to free trade! • British victory with superior technology • Treaty of Nanjing • British received payment for losses in the war • British gained island of Hong Kong • China had to open 5 ports for foreign trade • Extraterritoriality – right to live under own lasws in China

  7. Taiping Rebellion • Discontent among the people • Un-kept irrigation systems led to flooding • Corruption, poverty • Rebellion (1850-1865) • Hong Xiuquan (shyoo CHWAHN) • Called for end of Qing Dynasty • Took control of a large part of China (14 years) • Ultimately government crushes rebellion • 20-30 million deaths

  8. Reform Efforts • Self strengthening Movement • Imported western technology • Set up factories to make modern weapons • Shipyards, railroads, mining • Translated western works on government, economy, and science • Made limited progress because government did not support

  9. War with Japan • Japan modernized in late 1800s • Joined western imperialists for global power • Japan put pressure on China: Sino-Japanese War • Japan gained island of Taiwan • Western powers carved out spheres of influence in China • Eventually Open Door Policy (suggested by U.S.) • No one consulted with China! • China tried to reform and failed

  10. Boxer Rebellion 1899 • Anger grew against Christian missionaries • Frustration over presence of foreign troops • Anti-foreign feelings finally exploded • A group of Chinese formed a secret society • Righteous Harmonious Fists • Westerners watching them train in martial arts called them boxers • Began attacking foreigners in China • Western powers and Japan crushed them

  11. Aftermath of Uprising • China accepted modern ways • Admitted women to schools • Stressed science and math in place of Confucian thought • Expanded economically • Mining, shipping, railroad, banking, cash crops • Constitutional Monarchy (republic) • Nationalism emerges with goals of freeing china from foreign rule, representative government, and economic stability for all Chinese • Qing ruler – 2 years old, China slips into Chaoes • Emerge a new Chinese republic under Sun Yixian(President)

  12. Dynasty Ended • 5,000 years of dynastic rule in China came to an end in 1911 • Nationalists sought to unify China (Sun Yixian) • Civil War began after Sun Yixian’s death • Mao Zedong (Communist) took over • 1949 • Fought Sun’s successor Jiang Jieshi • Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan and established a democratic government there

  13. Themes • Handout • Continuity and Change • Political and Social Systems

  14. Regents Prep/Castle Learning

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