Exploring Cell Processes and Matter: A Journey into the World of Atoms and Molecules

1. Life Science Ch 3 Cell Processes

2. Matter • Atoms – smallest unit of matter • Electrons- negative particles around the nucleus • Nucleus – center of atom • Protons – positive part of atom • Neutrons – particle with no charge

3. ions

4. Elements

5. Ununoctium is a placeholder assigned until the element has been given a final name. Its discovery has been reliably claimed, but remains to be independently verified before a name is officially assigned. Another cool periodic table

6. How Atoms Combine • Compounds- 2 or more atoms chemically combined. • Mixtures- 2 or more substances that physically combine mixtures containing compounds

7. Organic Compounds(Macro Molecules of living organisms) • All contain Carbon • All living things are organic • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic Acids

8. Carbohydrates • 1:2:1 Ration of CHO (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • Found in pasta, breads, potatoes etc

9. Carbohydrates, con’t • Sugars are carbohydrates • Sucrose – table sugar • Glucose – simplest sugar (from photosynthesis) • Sugars bond together to make complex carbohydrates called starches • JOB: provides quick energy

10. Proteins • Made of CHON ( carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen • JOB: build tissue • Found in meats and beans

11. Proteins, con’t • Enzymes – proteins that speed up reactions in the body • Made of small unit called amino acids (AA) put together

12. Lipids- fats • Made of CHO • Found in the fats of meat, butter, oils • Job: stores energy Unsaturated Fats

13. Nucleic Acids • DNA • Found in nucleus of every cell • Contains all hereditary information • Directs cell activity

14. Nucleic Acid, con’t • RNA • Works for the boss (DNA) • Makes proteins • Found throughout the cell

15. Inorganic Compounds • Compounds that do NOT contain Carbon • H2O – Water • Ca3(PO4)2 - Calcium Phosphate – in bones • MANY others

16. Cell Transport • What goes in or out of a cell • nutrients, • Wastes • Cell products • oxygen Sugar molecules Carbon Dioxide Water Oxygen molecules

17. Cell membrane controls what goes in and out- selective permeablility – some stuff can move others not

18. Diffusion • Substances move from an area where there are many to an area where there are few

19. Equilibrium – point at which particles are equally distributed

20. Osmosis – same as diffusion only the particles are water molecules

21. THREE KINDS OF TRANSPORT: Passive Transport- movement that does not require energy Active Transport – movement that requires energy molecules Enclosure Endocytosis- particles get engulfed phagocytosis – engulfing LARGE stuff Exocytosis – particles are spit out of cell

22. Energy in Cells • Trapping Energy for life • Where do you get energy • From the food you eat • Where does the food get energy • From the sun 2 groups of organisms based on where they get food

23. Energy, con’t • 2 groups of organisms based on where they get food • Producers – photosynthesize • Trap sun’s energy and put it in sugar (glucose) • Make their own food • Consumers • Eat producers • Can’t make their own food "I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH I CAN'T MAKE THESE !!"

24. Energy in cells, con’t. • Photosynthesis • Process of capturing energy and trapping it in the bonds of carbohydrate sugars.

25. Photosynthesis, con’t. • Pigments (such as chlorophyll which is green) trap the sunlight

26. Photosynthesis, con’t. • Producers use some of their carbohydrates (sugars) for themselves0 • Producers STORE some of their carbohydrates • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast

27. Releasing Energy for Life • All organisms have to release the energy in the sugars • This process is called cellular respiration (CR) • Takes place in the mitochondria • Glucose becomes ATP

28. Fermentation • Fermentation is Cellular Respiration WITHOUT oxygen • NO ATP is made • Instead lactic acid is made (hurts in muscles • Yeast do this • Make Carbon dioxide • Also make alcohol