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Contraception

Contraception. IUC’s, Sterilization. Intrauterine Contraceptives (IUC’s). IUC’s are made of flexible plastic, available only through prescription Two types ParaGard (copper) Mirena (hormone). IUC’s: ParaGard. ParaGard contains copper Copper prevents sperm from fertilizing an ovum

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception IUC’s, Sterilization

  2. Intrauterine Contraceptives (IUC’s) • IUC’s are made of flexible plastic, available only through prescription • Two types • ParaGard (copper) • Mirena (hormone)

  3. IUC’s: ParaGard • ParaGard contains copper • Copper prevents sperm from fertilizing an ovum • Copper also makes implantation of fertilized ovum difficult • Amount of copper released is less than needed in daily diet • Copper intolerance or sensitivity would preclude use of ParaGard

  4. IUC’s: Paragard • Requires insertion into uterus by healthcare provider • Takes only a few minutes • Insertion may cause cramping, dizziness • Once inserted, may remain in place for ten years • Patient should not feel IUD • Since no hormones present, monthly cycle should remain unchanged • Effectiveness: 99%+ against pregnancy • Requires monthly checking for IUD slippage

  5. IUC’s: ParaGard • Side effects: heavier and longer periods, cramping, spotting in between periods • May lessen after a few months on ParaGard • Complication risks: pelvic inflammatory disease (higher risk shortly after insertion), perforation of uterus, expulsion • Copper may provide protective benefit against endometrial cancer • Cost: $250+ (Consumer Reports)

  6. IUC’s: Mirena • Hormonal method (pregestogen) • Intrauterine device • Lasts for five years • Mirena: • Prevents sperm from fertilizing ovum • Prevents release of egg • Changes uterine lining

  7. IUC’s: Mirena • Insertion: Similar to ParaGard • Effectiveness: 99%+ against pregnancy • Cost: $300-400 (Consumer Reports) • Side effects: Abdominal cramping (10% of users during first few months), acne, breast tenderness, headache, mood changes, back pain • May lessen after a few months • As use continues, less menstrual bleeding • Complication effects: ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease shortly after insertion, perforation of uterus, expulsion

  8. IUC’s • Insertion of IUC (Medialvideos.us) • Animation: insertion of IUC (Association of Reproductive Health Professionals, via YouTube, via YouTube, 0:40+) • Internal Birth Control- IUD’s (via Youtube)

  9. Sterilization

  10. Sterilization • Sterilization = permanent contraception • Women undergo tubal ligation • Men undergo vasectomy • The most common contraceptive method used in the United States (men’s and women’s methods combined) • No formalized data collection system exists • Data retrieved from surveys, questionnaires • Numbers vary across the U.S. (vasectomy-information.com)

  11. Sterilization: Tubal Ligation • Surgical technique • Close fallopian tubes, preventing egg from traveling to uterus, preventing sperm from reaching egg • Neither organs nor glands are removed • Effectiveness: 99%+ • Considered irreversible

  12. Sterilization: Tubal Ligation • Tubal sterilization: • Tubes can be tied and cut (Pomeroy technique) • Tubes can be cauterized • Tubes can be clipped, clamped • These incision methods often performed after childbirth/abortion • Animation (SMART imagebase)

  13. Sterilization: Tubal Ligation • Cost: $1000-3000 • Side effects: thought by many to be rare; hormonal imbalance may lead to increased menstrual bleeding, cramping; adhesions • Complications: infection, internal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy • Before/after photos (private Flickr account)

  14. Sterilization: Implants • Non-incision method • No general anesthesia • Under an hour • Coils inserted into fallopian tubes • In following months, coils and tissue grow together, forming barrier to prevent sperm from reaching egg

  15. Sterilization: Implants • Side effects: expulsion of coil inserts, risk for ectopic pregnancy, cramping, menstrual changes, nausea/vomiting • Demo (YouTube, 1:04)

  16. Sterilization: Vasectomy • Vasectomy blocks sperm from traveling through the vas deferens, preventing sperm from mixing into semen • No glands or organs are removed • Effectiveness: 99%+ • Considered irreversible

  17. Sterilization: Vasectomy • Vas deferens must be isolated • Similar to tubal ligation, the vas deferens can be cut and tied, clamped, cauterized, no scalpel technique • Another form of contraception must be used for a few months

  18. Sterilization: Vasectomy • Cost: $450-700 (vasectomymedical.com) • Side effects: bruising, sensitivity/pain, sperm leaking from tubes may lead to small lump (usually clears up on its own), antibodies to sperm may develop, reducing chances of fertility in a reversal • Complications: rare, usually associated with infection (fever, pus/blood from incision site, swelling, pain); ends of tubes may grow back together (very rare); decreased sexual desire (4 out of 1000 cases per Planned Parenthood) - no apparent physical cause

  19. Sterilization: Vasectomy • Animation (BUPA Health via YouTube, 2:36) • Open-ended (no scalpel) vasectomy (medicalvideos.us) • Video (vasectomymedical.com)

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