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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. How to name all those pesky compounds. Naming Ionic Compounds. Binary Compounds Charges must be equal. Combine cation name with anion name. The cation comes first followed by the anion. The cation gets the element name The anion is truncated and has …ide appended to it.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature How to name all those pesky compounds

  2. Naming Ionic Compounds • Binary Compounds • Charges must be equal. • Combine cation name with anion name. • The cation comes first followed by the anion. • The cation gets the element name • The anion is truncated and has …ide appended to it. • Potassium bromide – KBr for example.

  3. How to name Ionic Compounds • Monatomic Ions • Most transition metals (D-block) can obtain several different positive charges. The charge in each particular case should be specified using Roman numerals enclosed by parentheses, e.g. iron (III) ion = Fe3+ . A few transition metals, however, can only obtain one positive charge, e.g. silver ion = Ag+ and zinc ion = Zn2+(more memorization!), so the charge will not be specified in Roman numerals.

  4. Naming Ionic Compounds Steps to write formulas of ionic compounds 1. write formulas of ions, positive one first. 2. use subscripts to increase the number of ions in the compound until the charges are equal but opposite (multiplication!!! and least common multiple) - to show more than one polyatomic ion, put parentheses around it and then use a subscript to balance charge 3. the final formula: rewrite so no charges are showing. 4. Check to see if empirical formula (lowest ratio of ions) Steps to naming an ionic compound from its formula 1. State the names of the ions involved, putting the cation (positive) name first 2. If the cation has more than one possible charge, name it properly (stock or traditional) by determining its charge using the anion Remember! -name tells what ions are involved but NOT how many -total negative = total positive, so compound is neutral -use least common multiple to help find charge and/or number of ions

  5. How to name Covalent Compounds • Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds: nonmetal + nonmetal • List the compounds using prefixes which tell the number of atoms • mono = 1 di = 2 tri = 3 tetra = 4 penta = 5 hexa = 6 hepta = 7 octa = 8 and so on… • Some examples – • dinitrogenpentoxide: N2O5 • phosphorus triiodide: PI3 * * "mono" is omitted for the first part of the name

  6. Practice naming • rubidium chloride • Iron (III) sulfide • calcium cyanide • potassium acetate • aluminum sulfite

  7. Practice naming • rubidium chloride RbCl • Iron (III) sulfide Fe2S3 • calcium cyanide Ca(CN)2 • potassium acetate KCH₃COO • aluminum sulfite Al2(SO3)3

  8. Practice naming MgI2 K2O FeO Fe2O3 Cu3(PO4) 2 CuCN Co2(CO3)3 PbO2

  9. Practice naming MgI2 Magnesium Iodide K2O Potassium Oxide FeO Iron(II) Oxide Fe2O3 Iron(III) Oxide Cu3(PO4)2 Copper(II) Phosphate CuCN Copper(I) Cyanide Co2(CO3)3 Cobalt(III) Carbonate PbO2 Lead(IV) Oxide

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