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Roderick A. McDonald ONMAP February 27, 2008

FORCED MIGRATION: The Atlantic Slave Trade. Roderick A. McDonald ONMAP February 27, 2008. Slave Trade Distribution ____________________________. Destination Slave Imports % of Trade

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Roderick A. McDonald ONMAP February 27, 2008

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  1. FORCED MIGRATION:The Atlantic Slave Trade Roderick A. McDonald ONMAP February 27, 2008

  2. Slave Trade Distribution____________________________ Destination Slave Imports % of Trade ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Brazil 4,000,000 35% British Caribbean 2,000,000 18% British North America 500,000 4% Danish Caribbean 28,000 under 1% Dutch Caribbean 500,000 4% Europe 175,000 2% French Caribbean 1,600,000 14% Spanish America 2,500,000 22% TOTAL 11,328,000 100% Figures based on Philip Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census (Madison, 1969), 268.

  3. Nationality of Ships Engaged in the Slave Trade, 1700-1801

  4. Source: Kongo's King Alvaro receiving Dutch emissaries in 1642. Olfert Dapper, Description de l'Afrique, 1686. & van Someren, 1686)

  5. “When I looked round the ship too and saw a large furnace of copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I no longer doubted of my fate and quite overpowered with sorrow and anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted. . . . I asked if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and long hair?"

  6. "The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died."

  7. (A) pair of handcuffs for men (right wrist of one person was padlocked to left wrist of another) (B) leg shackles for men (right ankle of one is fastened to left ankle of another) ( C,D,E,) the thumbscrew used for punishing slaves (F,G,H) speculum orum or mouth opener (used by surgeons aboard slave ships for force feeding, in cases of "locked jaw" or on persons who "for one reason or another refused to eat or could not eat").

  8. Legal End of Atlantic Slave Trade____________________________ Denmark 1792 (1802) Britain 1807 (1808) United States 1807 (1808) Holland 1814 France 1818 Spain 1817/1820 Portugal 1818/1839 Brazil 1826/1845

  9. Dates of Emancipation____________________________ Haiti 1804 British West Indies 1833 (begins); 1838 French West Indies 1848 Danish West Indies 1848 Dutch West Indies 1863 United States 1865 Cuba 1886 Brazil 1888

  10. FORCED MIGRATION:The Atlantic Slave Trade Roderick A. McDonald ONMAP February 27, 2008

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