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Chapter 20

Chapter 20. Girding for War. Wins the presidency while also knowing that the South did not choose him nor did they have him on their ballot. Dilemma: How do you keep this country together? “physically speaking, we cannot separate” . Lincoln. National debt Fugitive-Slave Act

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Chapter 20

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  1. Chapter 20 Girding for War

  2. Wins the presidency while also knowing that the South did not choose him nor did they have him on their ballot. • Dilemma: How do you keep this country together? • “physically speaking, we cannot separate” Lincoln

  3. National debt • Fugitive-Slave Act • Federal Territories • Foreign countries would attack at the opportunity and seize territory. Problems with secession?

  4. Fort Sumter: Federal Fort • South fired upon the fort • South claims victory • North Remains strong & wants revenge • Lincoln now waging war • Richmond, Virginia becomes new capitol of the Confederates States of America South Carolina

  5. Missouri/Kentucky/Maryland/Delaware/ WestVirginia • In an attempt to entice the border states, Lincoln declared publicly that he was not fighting to free the blacks. • “It was a fight to preserve the Union” Border States

  6. 5 Civilized Tribes • Indian Territory (Oklahoma) • Owned slaves • Confederates promised them representation. • Some Indians helped the Union. Continued…….

  7. Johnny Reb: Confederate • Billy Yank: Union • Some Northerners volunteered for the South. • Some Southerners volunteered for the North. • Mountain Whites: 50,000 men to the Union. • Loyal Slave states: 300,000 men to the Union. • Brother Fought Brother Who helped?

  8. South Advantages South Disadvantages • Good geographic advantages. • North had to move South to fight. Weren’t familiar to the terrain. • Militarily: Most talented officers. • Robert E. Lee • Stonewall Jackson • Soldiers ready to fight. • Run out of resources. • Bad transportation. • Slowly run out of food. • Bad Economy Balance of Forces

  9. North Advantages North Disadvantages • Strong Economy • Tons of producing factories. • Transportation: railroad • Controlled the sea. • Traded w/Europe • Large reserve of manpower • Huge influx of immigrants • Inconsistent Leadership • Finally choosing Ulysses S. Grant • Have to mobilize. Continued…….

  10. President Davis President Lincoln • Tense • Stubborn • Humorless • Able Leader • Defied others, rather than listen to public opinion. • Inexperienced Politician • Flexible Leader • Patient • Tactful • Willing to Compromise Differences Between the Leaders

  11. The South is counting on Britain to step in. • Do they? Foreign Intervention

  12. Surplus of cotton in british warehouses • Egypt and India step up as competitors • The North sends food & cotton to Britain.

  13. France: Napoleon III – invades Mexico City and installs Maximilian defying the Monroe Doctrine. • Canada: Confederate raids in Vermont • Irish retaliate. • Dominion of Canada, 1867 • Britain:TheAlabama – British built commerce raiders for the Confederacy. • All together these commerce raiders will seize over 250 merchant marine ships. • The industries never fully recover. Foreign Intervention

  14. Proud supporter of the Constitution • Took away liberties during the war • Increased size of the Federal Army (without Congress approval) • Directed secretary of Treasury to advance $2 million (without Congress approval) • Suspended Habeas Corpus • In attempt to watch spies and other dissenters in the North, Lincoln had people arrested with no charges. • "Supervised" Border State voting • Federal troops intimidated voters. Lincoln

  15. Was Lincoln justified in exceeding his presidential powers during the time of war? Discuss as a class Question for Discussion

  16. North South • Volunteers were plentiful until 1863. -Draft was instilled -Conscription Law -Pay $300 to pay a substitute to fight. • Immigrants were enlisted once off the boat • Depended on volunteers (age range 17-50) • -1862, resorted to Conscription once volunteers dried up Volunteers and Draftees

  17. What if Congress had not passed the Conscription Law in 1863? • Discuss as a class. Question for Discussion

  18. First income tax initiated • Morrill Tariff Act: increased tariffs 5 to 10% • Sales of Bonds • Treasury begins issuing “greenbacks” • 1863, Congress authorizes the National Banking System • Banks joined could buy bonds & issue standard currency • First step toward unified banking network since 1836 Financing the War

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