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Helping the plants to overcome environmental stresses

Helping the plants to overcome environmental stresses. For production of open field vegetables and fruits Improves the crop performance under conditions of heat, cold, salinity and drought Increases the amount of phytomass, seed and fruit yield

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Helping the plants to overcome environmental stresses

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  1. Helping the plants to overcome environmental stresses • For production of open field vegetables and fruits • Improves the crop performance under conditions of heat, cold, salinity and drought • Increases the amount of phytomass, seed and fruit yield • Widely tested on different crops under commercial cultivations • Natural and environmentally safe product

  2. Based on glycinebetaine which occurs naturally in many organisms Accumulates naturally in certain plants (e.g. sugarbeet, spinach) in response to cold, drought and salinity Penetrates through the plant surface and translocates throughout the plant within 24-hours Protects the plant cells against negative effects of environmental stresses Mode of action

  3. H H H C - O H H + H C N C C H H O H H C H Structure of the betaine molecule Osmolyte 3 methyl groups Molecular weight 117,15

  4. Greenstim production • Process steps: • Water extraction • Juice purification • Concentration • Crystallization Sugar beet Beet sugar factory Molasses betaine 3-6 % Sugar Pulp • Process steps: • Filtration • Chromatographic separation • Concentration • Crystallization Separation Sugar Sep. molasses Greenstim

  5. Greenstim acts as an osmoprotectant in the plant cell Facilitates water uptake and retention Stabilizes enzymes and protects membranes Enhances photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and translocation during environmental stresses Greenstim as an osmoprotectant

  6. Less inhibitory to enzyme activity than equivalent concentrations of inorganic ions Protects root membranes against heat destabilization Protects thylakoids against freezing stress Protects against NaCl/KCl inhibition and heat denaturation of several plant enzymes Effect of Greenstim in the plant cell I

  7. Protects enzymes against inactivation in dilute solution Protects proteins against the unfavorable consequences of dehydration Protects the oxygen-evolving PSII against the inhibitory effects of NaCl by preventing salt-induced dissocation of proteins Increases the threshold temperature for inhibition of PSII-mediated electron transport of chloroplasts Effect of Greenstim in the plant cell II

  8. Hyperosmotic stress and no compensatory mechanisms Increased electrolyte concentration in the cell Water no longer flows out of the cell Cell shrinks Depressed metabolism Water flows out of the cell Lower electrolyte concentration Water flows out of the cell Electrolyte

  9. Hyperosmotic stress and compensation with K+-uptake K+ water Increased electrolyte concentration in the cell Water balance maintained Cell volume maintained High energy cost Depressed metabolism K+ K+

  10. H H H C - O H H + H C N C C H H O H H C H Hyperosmotic stress and compensation with glycinebetaine Glycinebetaine Water balance maintained Stable electrolyte concentration in the cell K+ K+ Cell volume maintained Lower energy cost Stable metabolism Glycinebetaine

  11. Greenstim as an osmoprotectant Osmotic stress no Greenstim Greenstim Water Water Increased salt levels Salts Turgor pressure negative Turgor pressure positive Metabolic rate reduced Metabolic rate normal

  12. Betaine - methyl donor Cysteine • Important functions: • DNA/RNA synthesis • secondary metabolites Betaine Me-transferases Homocysteine CH3 Methyl group methionine *SAM Protein synthesis ATP *S-adenosyl methionine

  13. Abiotic environmental stresses are important factors limiting crop productivity 1. Lack of water and salinity Affect around 40 % of the most productive areas Mediterranean basin, California, Southern Asia, Australia Plants are sensitive to Na, Cl, So2 2. Low temperatures 3. High temperatures Abiotic environmental stresses

  14. Water deficit stress disturbs many plant growth processes: Cell enlargement andreduces growth of leaves, stem cell wall synthesis and reproductive structures Protein synthesis reduces enzyme activity Stomatal opening reduces photosynthesis Photosynthesis reduces growth Water deficit stress

  15. Relationship between photosynthesis in leaf water potential (trendsetting)

  16. Greenstim improves the fruit retention under environmental stresses

  17. Storage in room temperature and protected from humidity In an unopened package the self life of the product is 2 years Package sizes 2 kg, 25 kg and big bag (600-800 kg) Storage and package size

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