GENDER

1. GENDER © 2003, John B. Pryor, Ph.D. Illinois State University

2. Levi Suydam • In 1843 Levi Suydam, a 23-year-old resident of Salisbury, Connecticut, asked the town's board of selectmen to allow him to vote as a Whig in a hotly contested local election. • Tories contested Suydam’s gender. • The selectmen brought in a physician, one Dr. William Barry, to examine Suydam and settle the matter. Presumably, upon encountering a phallus and testicles, the good doctor declared the prospective voter male. • With Suydam safely in their column, the Whigs won the election by a majority of one. • Barry later discovered that Levi had vaginal opening and menstruated. He also had many feminine behaviors.

3. biological social Gender

4. Unusual case of David Reimer • Identical twin, • genetic male • Penis burned off • during circumcision • Surgically altered to • resemble a female • Given female • Hormones • •Raised as a female

5. Unusual case of David Reimer When told at 14 about his past, decided to have surgery to return being a male. Late he married to a woman who already had children. Ultimately, David Committed suicide. Unhappy childhood, felt different, not accepted by boys or girls

6. Gender Two aspects of gender: 1) Gender Role 2) Gender Identity

7. Money & Ehrhardt (1972) Five variables that contribute to a person’s gender role and gender identity: 1) Chromosomal Gender 2) Gonadal Gender 3) Hormonal Gender 4) Morphological Gender 5) Assigned Gender John Money

8. FIVE CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES 1) X (Turner’s syndrome) 2) XXX 3) XYY 4) XXY (Klinefelter’s syndrome) 5) XXXY

9. Tula XXXY

10. TWO HORMONAL ANOMALIES IN GENETIC FEMALES 1) Progestin-Induced Hermaphroditism (PIH) 2) Adrenogenital Syndrome (AGS) -also called congenital adrenal hyperplasia

11. AdrenogenitalSyndrome

12. Adrenogenital Syndrome

13. TWO HORMONAL ANOMALIES IN GENETIC MALES 1) Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome 2) Guevodoces - 5-Alpha Reductase Syndrome

14. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

15. MONEY’S HYPOTHESIS: Prenatal hormones predispose people to certain gender-linked behaviors in later life. Four Groups of Females: 1) Turner’s Syndrome 2) Progestin-Induced Hermaphroditism 3) Adrenogenital Syndrome 4) Normal Females

16. Gender as a continuum

17. Transsexualism • a gender identity disorder • 3-4 more times more common among genetic males • no proven genetic, hormonal, or psychopathological antecedants • New research has found that male-to-female transsexuals have a smaller BSTc region in their hypothalamuses than non-transsexual men. The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of sexual behavior. This region is typically larger in men than in women.

18. SEX CHANGES at Gender Identity Clinics 1) Psychosocial Treatment - Learning the gender role 2) Hormonal Treatment 3) Plastic Surgery

19. Renee Richards

20. Transsexuals-post surgery

21. FemaletoMaleTransexual

22. Some Male to Female Transexuals

23. Some cultures do not have just a 2 category system 3rd Sex Female Male

24. Gender Catergories in Other Cultures Third Sex among Navajo

25. 1.Nadle - Navajo 2.Bade' - Crow 3.Winkte - Lakota 4.Ihamana - Zuni 5.Mujerado - Laguna/Acoma 6.Siange - Winnebago 7.A-whock - Arapaho 8.Hemaneh - Cheyennes Native American terms for 3rd Sex

26. GENDER CATEGORIES IN OTHER CULTURES • both man and women - • Native American • Two-Spirit People • Berdache

27. This Navajo Berdache wore clothing that was distinct from both that of men and women

28. This Crow Berdache was named ‘Finds-them -and-kills- them’. He dressed as a man one day when he went to war with the men of his tribe.

29. GENDER CATEGORIES IN OTHER CULTURES India • Hindu cult of the Hijra • Males who amputate their penises • Dress and live as women • participate in fertility rituals • often make their living as prostitutes

30. Hijra dancing at wedding

31. Hijra at home 3 Hijra going to temple

32. Blessing infant Dancing At Festival

34. Cheryl Chase