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Directional Planes and Muscular System

Directional Planes and Muscular System. Directions, Planes, and Regions. Directional Terms Anterior or ventral – front side of the body. Posterior or dorsal – back side of the body. Inferior – below another structure. Superior – above another structure.

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Directional Planes and Muscular System

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  1. Directional Planes and Muscular System

  2. Directions, Planes, and Regions Directional Terms • Anterior or ventral – front side of the body. • Posterior or dorsal – back side of the body. • Inferior – below another structure. • Superior – above another structure. Chapter 6

  3. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) Planes of the Body • Sagittal plane – divides the body into 2 parts, right and left. • Frontal or coronal plane – divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. Chapter 6

  4. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) • Transverse plane – divides the body horizontally into a top, or superior, part and a bottom, or inferior, part. • Midsagittal plane – divides the body into equal right and left sides.

  5. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) Chapter 6

  6. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) • Regions of the Abdominal Cavity • Epigastric region. • Hypochondriac regions, left and right. • Umbilical region. • Lumbar regions, left and right. • Hypogastric region. • Illiac, or inguinal, regions left and right. Chapter 6

  7. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) Chapter 6

  8. Directions, Planes, and Regions (cont.) Abdominal Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ) Chapter 6

  9. The Muscular System • Consists of over 600 individual muscles. • Muscles produce movement by shortening in length or contracting. Chapter 6

  10. The Muscular System (cont.) • Three types of muscles • Involuntary (Smooth) – cannot be controlled by will. • Cardiac – control the contractions of the heart. • Voluntary (Skeletal) – can be controlled by will. Chapter 6

  11. The Muscular System (cont.) Voluntary or Skeletal Muscles • Maintain posture, protect internal organs, and produce heat and energy for the body. • Origin – attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone. • Insertion – attachment of a muscle to a moveable bone. • Produce movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Chapter 6

  12. Muscle Tissue There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Chapter 6

  13. Muscle Use How is the person in each frame using involuntary and voluntary muscles? Chapter 6

  14. Types of Muscle Tissue Identify the type of muscle tissue in each body structure. Chapter 6

  15. Muscles Moving Bones • Muscles and bones work together and make the body move. Chapter 6

  16. Muscle Pairs When the arm is bent at the elbow, the biceps contracts while the triceps relaxes. What happens to each muscle when the arm is straightened? Chapter 6

  17. The Muscular System (cont.) • Diseases and Disorders • Strain – overuse of a muscle and/or tendon. • Fibromyalgia – a chronic pain in muscles. • Bursitis – an inflammation of the bursa surrounding a joint. Chapter 6

  18. The Muscular System (cont.) Diseases and Disorders • Tendonitis – an inflammation of a tendon in a joint caused by overwork. • Dislocation – may result from an injury or strenuous, sudden movement. • Muscular dystrophy – a group of inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness and disability.

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