Why did East Asia withdraw into isolationism during a time of European expansion?

1. Why did East Asia withdraw into isolationism during a time of European expansion? How do you think this connects to history later or even to today? Why do we need to know this? No not just for the test

2. Ask….why is China important today?Ask…..why is Japan important today?How do these two countries impact the United States and the world?

3. To understand NOW you have to understand THEN • The test focuses on WHY East Asia withdrew into ISOLATIONISM. • What does this term ISOLATIONISM mean?

4. ISOLATIONISM

5. Japan History

6. Terms to know • Isolationism • Shogun • Dynasty • Daimyo • Shogunate

7. Places • Japan

8. Tokugawa Shogunate

9. At the end of the 15th century, Japan was in chaos (1490’s + chaos = not a good time to be in Japan unless you were a daimyo) • The shogunate had collapsed and Daimyo, heads of noble families, controlled their own lands and everybody was warring with everybody. Big Fighting

10. In the 16th century 3 leaders emerged. Each succeeded the other one in power. • The last, Tokugawa Ieyasu took control in 1598 and made himself shogun • The Tokugawa shogunate remained in power until 1868. This period was known as the “Great Peace”

11. What is a Shogun and why is Tokugawa Shogunate such a big deal?

12. Tokugawa Rule • All missionaries were expelled from Japan and all Japanese Christians were persecuted. This was in part due to the Jesuits destroying Japanese Shrines – very unpopular with the Japanese • European merchants were next. One Dutch community was allowed to remain in Nagasaki but was only allowed one Dutch ship to harbor one time a year. Everyone else out!

13. The daimyo were controlled by a hostage system. His family was kept close to the shogunate when the daimyo traveled • The samurai who had served the daimyo (land owners) ceased to be the warrior class. Have you seen Tom Cruise in “The Last Samurai”? While not totally historically accurate it give some historical foundations for understanding. • Trade and industry within Japan flourished. • Women’s rights in Japan were diminished and women were very restricted

14. With westerners forbidden to enter Japan, Japanese culture flourished. Japan was very self-sufficient. European influence was removed and this allowed Japan to remain in isolation for centuries. • Later when Europe asserted influence again in China (Opium wars) and colonized some of Asia, Japan remained untouched.

15. SHOGUN

16. QUICK OVERVIEW

17. Tokugawa Ieyasu took control after death of Hideyoshi in 1598 1. Tokugawa powerful daimyo of Edo (Tokyo) a. Claimed title of Shogun in 1603 b. Tokugawa Shogunate most powerful and longest-lasting --Ruled over 250 years…until (1868) c. Resulted in Japanese isolationism from Western influence

18. Part 2 CHINA and ISOLATIONISM

19. The Great Ming Naval Expedititions

20. First the Ming Dynasty • The Chinese Ming Dynasty lasted from 1368 – 1644 • The Great Wall was strengthened – the Imperial City in Beijing was built • China extended its rule into Mongolia, Central Asia and briefly Vietnam • Effective government, nationwide schools • New crops introduced, factories and workshops thrived • The Ming Dynasty established an era of greatness in China • EVEN MORE….

25. Zheng He

26. Zheng He • Exploration was encouraged by the Emperor Yong Le • Made 7 voyages of exploration. (1405-1433) • The first voyage had nearly 28,000 men on 62 ships. (think about Columbus who was sailing west about this time with 3 little ships and a small crew) • The largest ship was over 440 ft long (Columbus’s largest ship was 75 feet)

27. What if Zheng He had reached the Americas before Columbus? While this probably did NOT happen, it very well COULD have based on the technology and the sea worthiness of the Chinese Ships.

32. Zheng He sailed as far as Africa and brought back information about the outside world. Oh…. He also brought back giraffes to China. The giraffe actually saved his boss from the guys who wanted to overthrow him.

33. The voyages led to enormous profits (some followers of Confusianism felt that trading activities were were unworthy) • When Emperor Yong Le died, the voyages stopped and the entire fleet burned. Chinese were no longer allowed to sail outside the Chinese waters.

34. The destruction is a great HISTORY MYSTERY

35. REVIEW

36. In fifteenth-century china, wars, economic crisis, construction projects, and inefficient government caused the end of the • Manchu dynasty • Portuguese rule of Macau • Building of the Great Wall • Great Ming Naval Expeditions

37. The Tokugawa Shogunate was abolished during what period? • The Portugese rule of Macau • The Meiji Restoration • WW I • During the Boshin War

38. Which of the following was true of Japan under the Tokugawa shoguns? A) It had good trade relations with the Europeans. B) It was isolated from the rest of the world. C) It was a haven for Christians. D) It was the center of a flourishing Pacific trade.

39. How did Tokugawa shoguns react toward foreign traders? A) The Tokugawa welcomed in foreign traders B) The Tokugawa imposed strict laws on the foreign traders C) The Tokugawa barred all foreign traders D) The Tokugawa decided to allow limited trade with foreign traders

40. Which of the following best describes isolationist Japan during the period of the Tokugawa shogunate? A) an increase in exports of Japanese goods to many European countries. B) A development of military alliances with European countries in an effort to strengthen Japan’s position against China in the far East. C) The introduction of European political ideas into the Japanese government, especially the idea of monarchy D) A fear of the challenge of power by the pope to the Japanese government ruled by the Tokugawa shoguns

41. 9. Japan Chooses Isolation a. Under the early Tokugawa regime people followed Neo- Confucianism…eventually that was replaced by the “School of National Learning”…philosophy based on native Japanese culture b. Unlike Chinese scholar-gentry, the Japanese did not ignore the outside world --They kept informed of outside events through Dutch trade at Nagasaki c. Increased isolation --1616, merchants restricted --By 1630, Japanese ships forbidden to sail overseas --By 1640s…Dutch, Chinese visit only at Nagasaki --Complete isolation from mid-1600s