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Relieving officers. Care and control functions Personally liable Operated in the field as street level bureaucrat Supplemented, supplanted, by volunteer committees Brought into local authorities en masse in the 1930s. Almoners. 1903 Almoners’ Committee 1907 Hospital Almoners’ Council*
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Relieving officers • Care and control functions • Personally liable • Operated in the field as street level bureaucrat • Supplemented, supplanted, by volunteer committees • Brought into local authorities en masse in the 1930s
Almoners • 1903 Almoners’ Committee • 1907 Hospital Almoners’ Council* • 1911 Hospital Almoners’ Committee • 1920 Association of Hospital Almoners • 1922 Institute of Hospital Almoners* • 1927 Hospital Almoners Association
Psychiatric social workers • Social work - déclassé: • Jesse Taft: “The deepest human misery, the inner problems, are common to rich and poor alike.” • Charlotte Towle: “Thus the relationship [between social worker and client] has been removed from a class or economic basis to an objective professional basis. This change would seem to facilitate identification on a more constructive level.”
Social work services for adults on eve of the Second World War Public sector Voluntary sector Paid Unpaid
Children’s social work services on eve of Second World War Voluntary organisations State organisations Paid Unpaid
Professionalisation - 1939 • Different strategies spontaneously arrived at: • Almoners/COS • PSWs • CAMW • NAPO • Relieving Officers Metropolitan Association
BFSW • Conference of Children’s Care Committee Organisers • Association of Children’s Moral Welfare Workers • College of Nursing (Public Health Section) • Association of Mental Health Workers • Association of Metropolitan Relieving Officers • Association of Psychiatric Social Workers • NAPO • Standing Conference of Metropolitan Boroughs’ Tuberculosis Care Comms • Women’s Public Health Officers Association
The promising 50s and 60s • Children Act 1948 • Association of Child Care Officers’ different approach to professionalisation • Seebohm Implementation Action Group • Case work dominant – linked now to a social democratic ethos
Formation of BASW • Did it work? • undermined by external factors? • leadership? Tactics? • Trying to embrace the unembraceable? • A counter-factual: what if BASW had not been formed?
A post social work world? • YOTs – lost social context of working with young offenders • New children’s agencies omits mention of sw • Personalisation • Care management – NPM: • practitioners ‘need controlling’ • Procedures, performance indicators, eligibility rules • Disability advocates: social work should abandon role as definers of need and immerse themselves in disability politics • Decline of public sector – so what??!
Daniel Walkowitz contrasting social workers of 1960s and 70s with 90s: “Social workers analysis of poverty has become more structural and less personal, whereas the methods they endorse have become more consensual and less radical. What had been a ‘dissenting profession’ has become a ‘consenting profession.’” • Working with class - social workers and the politics of middle class identity