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Cell-its structure and function

This PPT is mainly for the student of DAV schools. But anyone can take idea from it.

Abhishek_kumar_singh
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Cell-its structure and function

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  1. Cell – its structure and function By- abhishek, parth, priyanshu, pradyumnaand vinayaka

  2. What is cell? Cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.

  3. Discovery of the cell Cell remained undiscovered for a long time because the majority of the cells are too small to be seen by the unaided eye. Robert Hooke was the first scientist who, in 1665, observed thin slices of cork through his self-designed microscope.

  4. Cell number • An Amoeba and a earthworm are of different sizes. This difference, in the size of the organisms, is due to the number of cells present in them. While amoeba is a living organism consisting of a single cell, an earthworm has millions of cells. Hence, on the basis of their ‘number of cell’, living organisms can be classified into two categories: unicellular and multicellular.

  5. Cell shape The shapes of cells differ not only in different organisms but also in different organs of the same organism. They may be oval, spherical, cuboidal, fiber-like or polygonal depends upon the location and their function. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  6. Cell size Cells vary considerably in their size. The smallest cell PPLO, also called mycoplasma, is about 0.1 micron in diameter. The ostrich egg, considered to be the largest cell, is 170mm in diameter.

  7. Cell size

  8. Cell membrane All living cells are bound by a membrane called the plasma membrane, or the cell membrane. It surrounds its inner gel-like material called protoplasm. The plasma membrane controls the entry and exit of substances as per the requirements of the cell. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  9. cytoplasm The portion of the protoplasm, lying inner to the cell membrane but outside the nuclear membrane, is called cytoplasm. It act as a ‘ground substance’ for all cell activities. It is made up of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins, along with a large proportion of water. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  10. nucleus It is the most important part of the cell. It generally lies in the centre of the cell, however, in some cases, it may also occupy peripheral positions. It controls all the activities of the cell. The nucleus is a dense structure bound by a nuclear membrane. The protoplasm of the nucleus is called nucleoplasm. It has a thread-like network called chromatin.

  11. mitochondria These are the rod-shaped or spherical structure. They are responsible for cellular respiration and for generation of energy for different activities of life. Hence, they are also called the powerhouse of the cell. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  12. Endoplasmic reticulum It is a network of membrane. It provides channels for transport of materials in a cell. Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:- • Rough ER : It play a vital role in synthesis of proteins. • Smooth ER : It helps in the synthesis of fats. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  13. Golgi complex They are sac-like structures stacked one above the other. They are involved in the processing and packaging of materials produced by the cell. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  14. vacuole It appears as an empty space in the cytoplasm. It stores excess of water and waste products. In Amoeba, food materials are held in its food vacuoles for digestion. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  15. ribosomes These are tiny granules present in the cytoplasm. They help in protein synthesis. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  16. Cilia and flagella Some cells have these small extensions on their cell membrane. They help in locomotion and collection of food. PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

  17. Animal cell • Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi, animal cells do not have a cell wall. This feature was lost in the distant past by the single-celled organisms that gave rise to the kingdom Animalia. Most cells, both animal and plant, range in size between 1 and 100 micrometers and are thus visible only with the aid of a microscope.

  18. Plant cell Plant cells have all of the structures that animals cells do. But they also have some structures that the animal cell does not. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts

  19. Difference between a plant and an animal cell PowerPlugs Templates for PowerPoint Preview

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