M itigation and adaptation strategies with respect to impacts of climate change

1. Mitigation and adaptation strategies with respect to impacts of climate change/variability and natural disastersWang ShiliChinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

2. Climate change will bring out remarkable impacts on natural ecosystem and socio-economy, some impacts are catastrophic and irreversible. It is necessary to study the impacts and adopt the adaptive measures in advance in order to mitigate the adverse influence. • Climate variability results in the instable of agricultural production, the impacts of extreme climate events and various disasters are increasing around the world.

3. Mitigation and adaptationstrategies with respect to impacts of climate change

4. Up till now the study on climate change and its impacts have made many progress. However the issue ofmitigation and adaptationstrategies with respect to impacts of climate change is not played much attention, the relative study is rather insufficient and weakness, and it is difficult to implement and practice. there is a long way to go.

5. Reduce emission of green house gasses • to improve the efficiency of energy use • to use clean and renewable energy-wind resources, solar resources • to reduce the emission from agricultural practice, such as deforest, combusting residence, paddy field control • to increase tree planting and forestry acreage

6. Develop sustainable agriculture • to breed and improve crop cultivars and varieties with resisting adverse strain and high photosynthesis efficiency • adjust cropping system and layout arrangement, such as changing cropping into animal husbandry in marginal areas, improve the ability of absorbing co2 of agricultural practice_maize crop

7. develop save-water agriculture, reasonable irrigation scheme • develop traditional agricultural practice which are favor andfriendly to environment protection, straw mulching, water harvest • Prepare and control pest, disease and weeds, develop reagents without pollution, biological control techniques

8. Protect ecological environment and reasonable land use • Water erosion control • Avoid over-grazing, develop optimal animal husbandry strategies according to reasonable animal capacity • Promote concordant, integrated agricultural development in vulnerable regions.

9. straw mulching Latent heat flux is reduced Wheat yield increased by 18.5%, water use efficiency was improved by 22.1%.

10. Water harvest

11. A project to shift farm land to grassland or forest in western part of China arid semi-arid regions vulnerable ecological environment less arable land pool agricultural production

12. Serious soil erosion soil and water control by grass

13. Crop are planted in lower and flat layer

14. Strength water resources management • Enhance water resources planning and control (ecological water usage, agricultural irrigation water usage and resident life water usage), improve water use efficiency • Develop cloud water resources in atmosphere, sea water processing

15. Coastal management • Monitor raise of sea level • Build the coastwise safeguard • Develop early warning system of extreme climate events

16. Training and education • Improve the public aware of climate change and mitigation impacts of climate change • Strength training and education for farmers.

17. Reducing impacts of climate variability on sustainable agriculture

18. Monitor agro-meteorological condition based on station observation network, remote sensing and GIS • Assess impacts and risk analysis • Apply seasonal prediction in agricultural production

19. Drought is one of the most severe meteorological disasters With characteristic of slow development, long duration, wide stricken area and severity. Significant impact on hydrology, agriculture, eco-environment, economy and society

20. Drought Distribution in China

21. Monitoring based on Station Network Agro-meteorological Stations Weather Stations in China Soil Moisture Observation Stations

22. Precipitation, abnormality, drought index from Sep. to Oct. 2004 Rainfall Amount in period from Sep. to Oct. Anomaly Percent (%) Severe drought Rainfall <100mm Extreme drought anomaly -50%

23. Drought Evolution in October, 2004

24. 轻旱 轻旱 First decade in March, 2004 Thermal inertia method Drought grade Second decade in July, 2004 Drought grade Water supply vegetation index method

25. Drought Monitoring and Assessment using GIS Drought grade Drought index on 15, September, 2004 Drought acrage(km2) in whole province: 34771 (19%) Climate and agro-meteorological Centre, Guangdong

26. Comprehensive drought risk zoning of wheat in North China Risk zoning of drought loss of wheat in North China R:yield reduction percent; P: average yield reduction percent; C: variance coefficient of yield reduction; k: index of disaster-resisting F, P: water stress and their probability; R,D: yield reduction percent and probability; a: time trend coefficients of drought-resisting capacity Comprehensive risk zoning

27. Application of Seasonal Prediction in Agricultural production • Seasonal Climate Prediction and Cropping System Decisions • Seasonal Climate Prediction and Farm Management Decision • Seasonal Climate Prediction and Agrometeorological Disasters • Climate Prediction and Grain Production • Climate Prediction and Plant Diseases and Insect Pests

28. Observed soil moisture Predicted soil moisture Irrigation scheme service based on climate forecasts and agrometeorological modelshown on TV Normal needed urgently

29. Wheat drought prediction in North China based on crop model and regional climate prediction Predicted 10-days early warning of wheat drought

30. Meteorological Forecast of RPH outbreak Actual attacked area percentage Forecasted attacked area percentage the attacked area percentage of riceby RPH (%) year The forecasted result of the attacked area percentage of rice by RPHwith the average area index of subtropical High from Jul. to Oct. in comparison with the actually occurrence

31. Thank You