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Building the First Colonies

Building the First Colonies. The Spanish Colonies. European powers: Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands Idea of power..control …money Explore…claim….colonies…power No country paid attention to claims nor the fact that Native Americans already lived in New World

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Building the First Colonies

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  1. Building the First Colonies

  2. The Spanish Colonies • European powers: Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands • Idea of power..control…money • Explore…claim….colonies…power • No country paid attention to claims nor the fact that Native Americans already lived in New World • Spain: must protect their claims…establish colonies • Colony: an area of land in one country controlled by another country • New Spain: the land claimed by Spain in New World, included Mexico, much of Central America, and Caribbean Islands • Mexico City: capital of Mexico

  3. New Spain

  4. Slavery in the Americas • Lure of gold…silver…farm land • Plantations: large tracts of land that required many workers and usually planted a “cash crop”: tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar cane • Native Americans forced into servitude: slavery • Slavery: an institution in which a person/group in power forces others to work against their will • Slave conditions: hunger, hard work, disease (smallpox, measles, flu: no immunity) • African slaves will replace Native Americans • Bartolome de las Casas: Catholic priest protested treatment of slaves, wrote Destruction of the Indies

  5. Destruction of the Indies

  6. Settling the Borderlands • Borderlands: areas of land just along the edge of a country’s claims • Spanish borderlands: northern Mexico, southern US from Florida to California • Presidios: Spanish forts, build along borderlands, protection • St. Augustine: first permanent Spanish settlement in United States, oldest US city • Spanish king governed the colonies, appointed officials, spoke on behalf of the king…subjects of the crown • Missionaries sent to convert Native Americans to Christianity • Missions: religious settlements • Santa Fe: capital of New Mexico Colony

  7. Life in the Borderlands • Native Americans (1) settled within the missions (2) learned new ways (3) forced to work (4) unhappy (5) fought back • Settlers (1) some: large tracts of land (2) large homes and estates: haciendas • (3) raised cattle and sheep (4) importance of the horse: brought by Spanish, used in hunting and war (5) raise sheep…wool for cloth

  8. Drawing what you wrote… • Draw an illustration of Life in the Borderlands • A. Title your illustration • B. Must include a minimum of 4 specific facts concerning borderlands • C. Use of color • D. Neatness

  9. The Virginia Colony • England wants a “piece of the pie”…benefits of trade and raw materials • Raw materials: resource that can be used to make a product: lumber, coal, oil, land • A Lost Colony: Queen Elizabeth/Sir Walter Raleigh/John White: Roanoke Island…did not stay…another attempt by John White…Lost Colony: Roanoke

  10. The Lost Colony

  11. The Virginia Company • Another try: King James I…charter to Virginia Company: joint stock company • Joint stock company: a corporation, a business venture which sells stock to investors who hope to make a profit • Stock: ownership in a company • Difficult time: poor, land, harsh conditions, laziness, lack food and water, lack leadership • Leader: John Smith: no work..no eat

  12. Jamestown • 1607: three ships: Chesapeake Bay…settlement: Jamestown: first permanent English colony

  13. Powhatan Confederacy • Powhatan Confederacy: Indian tribes, loosely organized for defense purposes • Friction between Powhatans and settlers: settlers stole from Indians • Pocahontas: daughter of Powhatan chief, helped settled, married John Rolfe

  14. Growth and Government in Jamestown • Tobacco: cash crop: John Rolfe • Tobacco plantations: need for workers: indentured servants: people who agreed to work for 4—7 years in the New World in exchange for passage to New World • 1619: first Africans brought to New World…slavery begins

  15. House of Burgesses • Law-making body of Virginia Colony, a legislature, idea of representative government, elected “voices” of government • Only men who owned property could vote and become members

  16. Powhatan Wars • Friction between settlers and Indians • Encroachment…taking Indian land • Years of fighting • King James revokes the charter..makes Virginia a royal colony • Governor and government officials appointed by king, subject to king, represented king

  17. Jamestown

  18. Pocahontas • Pp 159: Reading for information • Read about Pocahontas on pp 159 • Write 5 facts about Pocahontas…complete sentences

  19. Primary and Secondary Sources • To study history we need evidence, sources of information • Primary source: first-hand information, “I was there”..eye-witness account: picture, diary, journal, letter, newspaper story, autobiography, document, speech • Secondary source: “after the fact”, research, textbooks, biography, report, newspaper story,

  20. Primary and Secondary Sources

  21. Practicing Primary and Secondary Sources • Pp 160—161: Read • Apply: Find 5 primary sources in your text and tell why it is a primary source • Find 5 secondary sources in your text and tell why it is a secondary source

  22. The Plymouth Colony • John Smith explored along northern coast of Atlantic Ocean…called area New England • New England Colonies; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode IslandIn England: King Henry the VIII had banned Catholic Church..established Church of England • Dissenters persecuted • Pilgrims: Separatists: leave the Church of England, follow own beliefs, first went to Netherlands, wanted “their way” • Virginia Company: received a charter to establish a colony in New World…pay Pilgrims’ way to New World in return for furs and lumber • 1620: left on Mayflower, headed toward Virginia

  23. The Mayflower Compact • Mayflower lands at Cape Cod…Massachusetts • Idea of self-government: Mayflower Compact…a document which established idea of self-government, colonists would make fair laws and obey them • Idea of majority rule • Colony: Plymouth, William Bradford: leader

  24. Mayflower Compact

  25. Building a Colony • Pilgrims not prepared, harsh conditions, more than half did not survive the first winter • Help from Samoset and Squanto..members of Wampanoag tribe..became teachers…how to plant, what to plant, where to plants, what to trade and with whom • The first Thanksgiving

  26. The First Thanksgiving

  27. A song….

  28. Plymouth Grows • Land given to colonists…more interest, worked harder • Prosper: farming, fishing, fur trading • More people to New England, different ways, disrespect for Native Americans • Took land…conflict between colonists and Native Americans

  29. The French and the Dutch • French claims: Canada and NW United States..New France • Jacques Cartier: explored St. Lawrence River…trading with Hurons • Importance of fur trade: “fur gold” • Samuel de Champlain: founded Quebec..first French settlement • Importance of Catholic missionaries • New France…slow to grow..two key settlements: Quebec and Montreal

  30. New Netherland • Dutch settlement in New World: New Netherlands: parts of New York and New Jersey • Importance of fur trade • Idea of supply and demand • Peter Minuit: governor of New Netherland • Dutch believed they had bought Manahattan Island…Indians different opinion • New Amsterdam: Dutch settlement on Manhattan…good place for trade

  31. New Sweden and More Conflicts • Now come the Swedes: New Sweden: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware • Conflict between Indians and Colonials…whose land is it? Ownership?

  32. Exploring New France • England and France conflict over fur trade and land ownership: Ohio River Valley • Indians take sides: Hurons/French Iroquois/English • Eventually French and Indian War • New France becomes a royal colony • Looking for Mississippi River: “Father of Waters”..still looking for Northwest Passage • Marquette and Joliet: French explorers, explored Mississippi river • De la Salle: looking for mouth of Mississippi River at Gulf of Mexico: Name region Louisiana after King Louis XIV

  33. Louisiana • Finally found mouth of Mississippi River: built settlement: New Orleans • Louisiana a proprietary colony: John Law became proprietor • French still not interested…slow to grow

  34. Colonization in New World

  35. Comparing European Colonies • Using the chart on pp 177 you are to write two ways in which all the European colonies are alike and two ways they are different. • Yes, of course, in complete sentences.

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