Presentation Transcript

1. Building the First colonies

   Chapter 4
2. The Spanish Colonies Colony: a land ruled by another country Plantation: large farms Slavery: the practice of holding people against their will Borderlands: the lands on the edge of Spain’s claims Presidio: forts built in the Spanish colonies Mission: religious settlements built by religious missionaries in many areas of the southern half of North America Haciendas: large homes or estates where settlers often raised sheep and cattle
3. The Spanish Colonies Bartolome de Las Cases: colonist concerned about how Native Americans were being treated. A landowner who later became a priest. He freed enslaved workers and spoke out against slavery Pedro Menendez de Aviles: he and 1,500 soldiers, sailors and settlers sailed from Spain and built the first permanent European settlements in what is now the US New Spain: colony formed in 1535 by Spain, it also included many islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Spanish lands north of Mexico and Spanish lands north of what is now Mexico Mexico City: Capital of New Spain St. Augustine: area in Florida where the Spanish built the first long lasting, or permanent settlement in what is now the United States Sante Fe: Capital of the New Mexico Colony which Spanish missionaries helped settle in 1610.
4. The Spanish Colonies By 1500’s countries need to protest their land claims in the Americas Often times explorers claimed hundreds of miles of land for their countries without knowing the land or staying behind to protect their claim European countries competed with each other to win control of as much of the Americas as possible Claiming the land was not the same as controlling it Countries soon learned they needed to protect their claims from other European nations as well as overpower the native peoples that inhabited the land Spain soon formed colonies to protect their land The colony of New Spain was formed in 1535
5. The Spanish Colonies At first, it was the draw of gold and silver that brought European colonists, hoping to get rich Others came to start plantations By 1550, about 100,000 Spanish colonists spread across the Americas Portugal formed the colony of Brazil Both Portugal and Spain needed many workers to mine gold and silver as well as workers to grow and harvest crops Native Americans were forced into slavery, killing many thousands of them due to hunger and work demands Thousands more, sometimes entire tribes, died of diseases that settlers brought with them from Europe (like measles, small pox, and influenza) that the Native Americans had no immunity to.
6. The Spanish Colonies Thankfully, some colonists became concerned about the slavery of Native Americans Some coloists freed their enslaved workers and spoke ouit against such treatment As more Native Americans died, some colonists began to capture Africans to be their enslaved workers Many were taken to Brazil or the Caribbean Islands and were soon forced to work under terrible conditions
7. The Spanish Colonies Spain wanted to protect its borderlands, land on the edge of Spain’s claims(todays north Mexico and southern US from FL to CA First permanent, or long lastinf European settelment on US, was in St. Augustine, FL Spain wanted to protect its empire Spanish king chose leaders to govern, settlers had no right to elect leaders King sent missionaries to convert Native Americans to Christianity The built missions in 1610, helped settle Sante Fe, the capital of the New Mexico Colony
8. The Spanish Colonies Some Native Americans chose to stay at the missions, and learned their way of living and working Many Native Americans were forced to work on mission farms and ranches, some revolted Some worked in haciendas and raised cattle and sheep, which they used to make wool Some learned how to tame horses, who were brought by the Spanish, these horses were used for hunting and in war
9. The Spanish Colonies Europeansin the Western Hemisphere, 1550-1750 1550 = 1,250,000 1650 = 5,000,000 1750 = 10,000,000
10. The Virginia Colony Raw metal: a resource that can be used to make a product Stock: part ownership in a business Cash crop: a crop that people grow to sell Profit: the money left over after all costs have been paid Indentured servant: people who paid for their passage to the New World by working without pay for a certain length of time Legislature: lawmaking branch of the government, to assure colonists had the same rights as people living in England Represent: speak for Royal colony: King James I owned the colony, choosing governor, who shared power with the House of Burgesses
11. The Virginia Colony Queen Elizabeth I: England’s Queen Walter Raleigh: chosen by Queen Elizabeth I in 1584 to set up a colony in North America John White: Sent in1585, by Raleigh, with 100 colonists to Ronanoke Island. John Smith: Leader of Jamestown Pocahontas: Daughter of Chief Powhatan who helped bring peace for a short time between the colonists and Powhatan tribe John Rolfe: Brought tobacco to the colony from West Indies. Growing tobacco became an important business. Roanoke Island: Area named Virginia (and the Lost Colony) Jamestown: House of the Burgesses
12. The Virginia Colony England saw Spain expanding and followed suit They wanted to benefit from the lumber and raw materials In 1584 Queen Elizabeth I sent Walter Raleigh 1585 Raleigh sent John White and 100 colonists to Roanoke Island, which Raleigh named Virginia Colonists ran low on food and soon returned to England 1587 White returned with a group, they stayed, he went back to England for supplies, upon his return, 3 years later, they were all gone. Roanoke is also known as Lost Colony due to this mystery
13. The Virginia Colony 1607 Virginia Company sent three ships which sailed into now Chesapeake. Upon the shore they built Jamestown, a settlement named after the king It’s swampy land made it a poor choice for a settlement They came for riches, since they didn’t plant or gather food, > half the colonists died the first year Captain John Smith, leader, made a rule; saying anyone who did not work, did not eat. Soon colonists were both planting crops and building a fort
14. The Virginia Colony Confederacy of tribes united under Chief Powhatan lived in Virginia Difficulties between the colonists and Powhatan began with colonists stealing their crops Pocahontas, the chief’s daughter was able to bring a time of peace where the groups cooperated and traded goods In spite of all this Jamestown grew John Rolfe brought tobacco plants to Virginia Soon colonists were growing and selling tobacco, which became their cash crop The Virginia Company sold tobacco all over Europe making enormous profits
15. The Virginia Colony Growing tobacco required many workers The Virginia Company offered passage to Virginia in exchange for work without pay for usually seven years, Those who agreed to this were called indentured servants The first Africans were brought to Jamestown in1619, perhaps as indentured servants or enslaved workers, although rarely freed after seven years Virginia began to prosper, by 1619 the Virginia Colony had > 1,000 people
16. The Virginia Colony Laws were soon needed The Virginia Company said colonists could have the same rights as those living in England Colonists set up a legislature, branch of government that makes laws, called House of Burgesses, in 1619 It was the first assembly to represent the colonists Colonists elected members to represent them Only men who owned property could vote or become a representative No Women, indentured servants, or enslaved people were allowed to vote of hold office
17. The Virginia Colony Powhatan land kept being usurped by he rising number of colonists In 1622, the Powhatan fought back, which began years of fighting Due to the fighting the colony was made a royal colony by the king, which meant he owned it. He appointed a governor who shared power with the House of Burgesses.
18. The Plymouth Colony Pilgrim: a person who makes a journey for religious reasons Compact: an agreement Self-government: right to self government, a very new idea in a time when monarchs ruled Majority Rule: if more than half the people agreed to a law or decision, everyone had to follow it. King Henry VIII: King who banned the Catholic Church in England and replaced it with the church of England, which all citizen had to follow (or else) William Bradford: Early governor of Plymouth
19. The Plymouth Colony Samoset: Native American who welcomed the pilgrims speaking English saying, “Welcome Englishmen” Tisquantum: (or Squanto) a once enslaved worker who taught the Pilgrims where to fish and how to plant squash, corn, and pumpkin. He also helped colonists trade with the neighboring tribes Plymouth: After several weeks the place, named by John Smith, where the Pilgrims settled. A site close to the harbor, with fresh water and good land for growing crops
20. The Plymouth colony A Description of New England was a book written by John Smith after he left Jamestown and explored the northern Atlantic coast. John Smith named this region New England and created a map of the area Many in England read the book and were inspired by the possibility of creating new communities, some for a way to make money for others seeking money A group of English people left England to gain religious freedom in the Netherlands. These people were called Pilgrims and didn’t like the Dutch way of life and craved a society where everyone shared the same religious beliefs
21. The Plymouth colony The Virginia Company agreed to pay the Pilgrims passage to North America In return the Pilgrims would repay the company with lumber and furs from the new land In 1620 the Pilgrims left England on the Mayflower Mayflower headed for Virginia but landed at Cape Cod, in now Massachusetts With no established government, to keep order all the men aboard signed the Mayflower Compact Those who signed the agreed to follow fair laws that would be made for the good of the colony They would self govern and use the idea of majority rule
22. The Plymouth colony The colonists settled in Plymouth, “ Being thus arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of Heaven.” William Bradford First winter was cold, long, and extremely difficult 50 of the 102 settlers had died by spring With the spring arrived Samoset who welcomed them and returned many days later with Tisquantum Tisquantum, having lived years in England after escaping enslavement in Spain, was also able to communicate with the Pilgrims He taught them where to fish and how to plant corn, squash and pumpkins
23. The Plymouth colony The Pilgrims were able to live in peace with the Wampanoag. The groups traded metal goods and cloth for animal furs In 1623, divided the land among the colonists resulting in colonists working even harder They began to prosper in farming, fishing, and fur trading Number of people living in Plymouth stayed low the only 300 by 1630
24. The Plymouth colony After 1630 other English colonists began to settle in other areas of New England New settlers did not cooperate with the Native Americans, often taking their land Fights broke out and trading came to an end Without trading, life grew more difficult for colonists as well as the Native Americans William Bradford, once helped bring peace began to support a war to push tribes off the New England land In turn tribes began to fight each other for the remaining land
25. The french and the dutch Demand: desire Supply: the amount of a good offered for sale Ally: partner Proprietary Colony: a colony owned by one person Samuel de Champlain: founded Quebec Peter Minuit: governor of New Netherland Jacques Marquette: Catholic missionary Lois Joliet: fur trader Sieur de la Salle: sent to find the mouth of the Mississippi in 1692, claimed and named Louisiana for France
26. The french and the dutch Quebec: first French settlement in North America founded in1606 along the St. Lawrence River New Netherland: colony in North America settled by the Dutch New Amsterdam: 1626, Dutch town on the south end of Manhattan near Hudson River for trading, New Sweden: 1638, colony founded by the Swedish, south of New Netherland (in parts or present day PA, NJ, DE New Orleans: One of the first towns in LA, becomes its capital
27. The french and the dutch France claimed land in now Canada and NE US, became know as New France Jacques Cartier brought the French here with his exploring of the St. Lawrence River and trading with the Huron people French king wanted more power and the French merchants wanted to get rich from the fur trade 1608, Samuel de Champlain, sent by group of French merchants, founded Quebec, first French settlement 1630’s French Catholic missionaries began arriving in North America to convert Native Americans to Catholicism
28. The french and the dutch French fur traders lived with Native Americans, learned their language and way of life They spent much time trapping and hunting and did not build many long lasting settlements New France grew slowly Most French didn’t want to relocate to North America In 1600’s French built only two settlements in North America, Quebec and Montreal 1625 Quebec’s population was 60 people
29. The french and the dutch Dutch settled their own colony called New Netherlands, building settlements along the Hudson River, parts of now NY and NJ Dutch wanted to profit from the fur trade which was in high demand, they traded with Native Americans Dutch thought they bought Manhattan Island from the native Americans living their The Native Americans, believing land could not be owned, thought the Dutch was paying them to use what was on the land
30. The French and the Dutch 1626, Dutch began building a settlement called New Amsterdam on the south end of Manhattan New Amsterdam was build next to the Hudson River where it flows into the Atlantic, good for fur trading and ships could sail down the Hudson and get furs to take back to Europe
31. The French and the Dutch 1638 Swedish settlers founded the colony of New Sweden to the south of New Netherland, parts of now PA, NJ, DE Swedes began building homes and clearing land for farming This caused trouble with the relationship the Dutch has established with the Algonquian, who lived nearby and had a strong fur trading Colonists and Native Americans attacked each other’s farms and villages Colonists sent an army that destroyed Native American villages all over New Netherland 1645, after many deaths on both sides, a peace treaty was signed, The Algonquian had almost been depleted
32. The French and the Dutch English and Dutch moved into New France Fighting over fur trade began among the settlers and Native Americans The Huron were allies with the French The Iroquois were partners with the Dutch and English Huron and Iroquois wanted to control the land Fighting between the groups nearly destroyed the population of the Huron and the French fur trade
33. The French and the Dutch New French King, Louis XIV made the North American land a royal colony to protect it He sent more explorers to find a river west of Quebec called the Mississippi, meaning “Father of Waters” He hoped the Mississippi might be the Northwest Passage 1673 Catholic missionary Jacques Marquette, and fur trader, Louis Joliet, led a small group to find the Mississippi With the help of the Native Americans, they found the Mississippi, since it went south they knew is was not the Northwest Passage They turned back after Native Americans told them Europeans had settlements further west, fearing they might be Spanish soldiers
34. The French and the Dutch French explorer Rene-Robert Cavelier, known as Sieur de la Salle, set out to find the mounth of the Mississippi After 2 months and a difficult journey they reached the mouth if the Mississippi, at the Gulf of Mexico La Salle claimed all the the Mississippi River valley for France He named the region Louisiana, in honor of King Louis XIV In 1684, La Salle returned to the Gulf coast, he landed in Texas Hardships led to disagreement and La Salle was later killed by his men
35. The French and the Dutch French king sent another expedition to Louisiana in 1699 Brothers Pierre Le Moyne and Jean Baptiste led the expedition reaching the coast of the Gulf of Mexico Soon found the mouth of the Mississippi, and built a settlement there. 1712 the king made Louisiana a proprietary colony, John Law, a Scottish banker became owner He started a company to build plantations and towns He brought in thousands of settlers 1722 New Orleans, one of the colony’s first towns, became Louisiana’s capital
36. The French and the Dutch The plantations needed more workers and many plantation owners brought in enslaved Africans to do the work French government soon passed laws as to where Africans could live in Louisiana and the work they could do Louisiana failed to attract many people, which made it difficult for France to control its lands in North America 1763 only 80,000 French colonists were living in North America 1763, > 1,500,000 English colonists lived in North America