Ancient Times to 1850

1. Ancient Times to 1850 Period 2Photography 1March 21, 2006 Katie Chaney Sabrina Derr Tristan Stromberg Joe Schwarz Tyler Farrar Tiffany Rosales Annie Kennedy

2. Camera Obscura • Latin for Dark room • A dark box or room with a hole in one end. If the hole is small enough, an inverted image would be seen on the opposite wall. • Light travels in a straight line and when some of the rays reflected from a bright subject pass through a small hole in thin material they do not scatter but cross and reform as an upside down image on a flat surface held parallel to the hole (Wilgus) focus is achieved by sliding the inner section of the box in and out. The image projected by the lens is focused by a mirror up to a glass under the hood where it can be traced on tissue (Wilgus) Info, and presented by: Tiffany Slide: Katie

3. Professor J. Schulze • Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound by mixing nitric acid, silver, and chalk in a flask. • Dealt with exposure, the chemicals in the glass jar changed color when facing the sun • Determines that light is the cause of the change Info, presented by, and slide: Joe

4. Thomas Wedgwood • 1802- presented a paper about “method of copying paintings upon glass, and of making profiles by the agency of light upon nitrate of silver.” • Put an object on paper coated with silver nitrate and exposed it to natural light then preserve it in a dark room. • Never developed a fix, images could only be viewed in candlelight. Info, Presented by and Slide: Tristan

5. Louis Daguerre • Began work as an apprentice architect • was a painter, physicist, and the inventor of Daguerreotype • 1837- he figured out how to get the image to stick, exposed directly onto a mirror-polished surface of silver, which has first been exposed to iodine vapor • made public in 1839 • Made his idea available to the public at no fee (Loomis) • accepted into the Academy of Sciences • . Info: AnnieSlide: KatiePresented by: Tristan

6. Henry Fox Talbot • Popularized photography (Loomis) • Discovered the latent image • “The Pencil of Nature” was the first book with photographs, published by Talbot • Calotype process, negatives made • Phologlyphy process, Photo etching Info, Presented by and Slide: Katie

7. Latent Image • Latent image was discovered in 1841. It is an invisible image consisting of electrical charges. • “In photography a latent image is formed when light acts on a photographic emulsion (the mixture of two unmixed substances). This image is invisible until the emulsion is developed using photographic developers” (J.W. Mitchell). Info and Slide: Tiffany Presented by: Joe

8. Pinhole images are softer than pictures made with a lens. The images have nearly infinite depth of field. Cameras have been made of seashells; many have been made of oatmeal boxes, coke cans or cookie containers (Grepstad). In fourth century BC, Aristotle makes notes in his work Problems on pinhole image formation. The pinhole was mainly used later for scientific purposes in astronomy as a drawing aid for artists and amateur painters. Sir David Brewster was one of the first to make pinhole photographs in the 1850s. Pinhole Photography Pinhole photography is lens-less photography. A tiny hole replaces the lens. Light passes through the hole; an image is formed in the camera (Grepstad). Info, Presented by and Slide: Tiffany

9. French Chemistwho originated a process of photography. In 1816 he created the first negative image called a “retinas” In 1826 he produced the first known photograph called the heliograph using a form of asphalt on a pewter plate 1828 he returned to his work and discovered a new method that let to super quality images He worked with Louis Daguerre until his death Joseph Nicephore Niepce Info and Presented by: SabrinaSlide: Katie

10. The First Photograph • Taken by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1826 • eight hour exposure • Taken with camera obscura • The photo was unrecognized for almost a half a century • now one of the worlds rarest artifacts. Info Slide and Presentation: Tyler

11. Johannes Kepler • Johannes wrote the novel "Astronomia Pars Optica“ which explained how to investigate the formation of pictures with a pinhole camera (Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)). • He gave the modern explanation of how the eye works • His theories helped to modernize the pinhole Info: Sabrina Slide: KatiePresented: Sabrina

12. Work Cited “Bitterpill: Just A Wee Bit Cranky”. Bitterpill.org. 13 October 2004. Bitterpill.org. 7 March 2006. <http://www.bitterpill.org/log/2004_10_01_archive.html>. “Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mande.” The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th Edition. 2006. Greenspun, Philip. “History of Photography Timeline”. 18 December 2003. Photo.net. 14 March 2006. <http://www.photo.net/history/timeline>. Grepstad, Jon. “Pinhole Photography-History, Images, Cameras, Formulas”. 18 December 2003. Photo.net. 7 March 2006. <http://www.photo.net/learn/pinh ole/pinhole>. “Invention of Photography”. Maison Nicephore Niepce: The Reference Site About the Inventor of Photography. 7 March 2006. <www.nicephore-niepce.com/pagus/pagus-inv.html>. Work Cited by: Annie

13. Robert Leggat. “Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mande.” A History Of Photography. 8 July 2003. 7 March 2006. <http://www.rleggat.com/photohistory/daguerr.html>.“Thomas Wedgwood (1771-1805)”. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 25 January 2006. Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia. 14 March 2006. <http://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wedgwood_%281771-1805%29>.“Thomas Wedgwood”. Historic Firgures. bbc.co.uk. 7 March 2006. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wegdwood_thomas.shtml>.Wilgus, Jack. Wigus, Beverly. “The Magic Mirror of Life: An Appreciation of the Camera Obscura”. What is Camera Obscura?. August 2004. Brightbytes.com. 7 March 2006. <http://www.brightbytes.com/cosite/what.html>.“William Henry Fox Talbot”. The Fox Talbot Museum of Photography. 2004 7 March 2006. <http://www.r-cube.co.uk/fox-talbot/history.html>. Work Cited By: Annie