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APA Style Guidelines (5 th ed.)

APA Style Guidelines (5 th ed.). Getting Started. Morgan Gresham, Director, and Deb Martin, Assistant, First-Year Composition - Updated by Jennifer Brockman, October 25, 2005. Title Page. Title (centered, upper ½ of page, double-spaced) Author’s name (1 double space below title)

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APA Style Guidelines (5 th ed.)

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  1. APA Style Guidelines (5th ed.) Getting Started Morgan Gresham, Director, and Deb Martin, Assistant, First-Year Composition - Updated by Jennifer Brockman, October 25, 2005

  2. Title Page • Title (centered, upper ½ of page, double-spaced) • Author’s name (1 double space below title) • Institutional affiliation or course identification (double space below author’s name) • Manuscript page header (upper right corner, 1st 2 or 3 words of title, 5 spaces, then page #) • Running head

  3. Individual Differences 1 Running head: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN TEXT RECALL Individual Differences in Text Recall of Structured and Expository Discourse Deb Martin

  4. Running Head • Abbreviated title • Maximum 50 characters including letters, punctuation, and spaces • Left-justified below manuscript page header • Example:Running head: GENERATION X

  5. Abstract • Brief comprehensive summary • 75-120 words • Concise • Self-contained • Nonevaluative • Coherent • Readable Note: Manual has specific guidelines for empirical studies, reviews and theoretical pieces, methodological works, and case studies.

  6. First Page of Text • Includes manuscript page header • Full title is centered on the top line of the page • Double space, only, between title and first line of text Note. Double space, only, throughout the entire document.

  7. Parenthetical (Within-Text) Citations • Author’s(s’) last name • Year of publication • Page number (if quoting) • Example: (Kosik, 1999, p. 17)

  8. Parenthetical Citations – Multiple Authors • 2 authors – cite both names separated by & Example: (Kosik & Martin, 1999, p. 127) • 3-5 authors – cite all authors first time; after first time, use et al. Example: (Wilson et al., 2000) • 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name and et al.Example: (Perez et al., 1992)

  9. Parenthetical Citations – Multiple Citations • Multiple sources from same author – chronological order, separated by comma Example: (Burke, 1998, 1999, in press) • Within same year: Example: (Burke, 1998a, 1998b, 1999, in press)

  10. Parenthetical Citations – Multiple Citations Continued • Multiple sources – separated by semicolon, alphabetical order Example: (Burke, 1998; Perez, 1992; Wilhite, 2001) • Personal communication (not included in references) Example: (T.K. Lutes, personal communication, September 19, 2001)

  11. Reference List – General Guidelines • On a separate page • References (the title) is centered on top line • Alphabetical list of works cited • If same author cited more than once, chronologically listed • Double spaced • Hanging indent • Titles of works and volume number in italics

  12. Reference List – Journal Article • Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924. • Widmer, M., & Ellis, G. D. (1998). The Aristotelian good life model: Integration of values into therapeutic recreation services.Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 32(4), 290- 302. • Jones, R. (in press). The new healthcare lexicon. Journal of Health.

  13. Reference List – Book • Noguchi, R. R. (1991). Grammar and the teaching of writing: Limits and possibilities. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. • Allison, M. T., & Schneider, I. E. (Eds.). (2000). Diversity and the recreation profession: Organizational perspectives. State College, PA: Venture. • American Psychiatric Association. (1994).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

  14. Reference List – Book Chapter • Adkins, L. (1998). Feminist theory and economic change. In S. Jackson & J. Jones (Eds.), Contemporary feminist theories (pp. 34-49). Washington Square, NY: New York University.

  15. Reference List – Electronic Media • Whitton, J. (1998, July). Videocounseling for rural teens with epilepsy. Telehealth News, 2(2). Retrieved from http://www. telehealth.net/subscribe/newslettr4a.html.#1 • United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved December 8, 1999, from http://www.ussc.gov/ annrpt/ 1997/sbtoc97.htm

  16. Reference List – Electronic Media Continued • Mulroy, D. (2001). The war against grammar. Retrieved June 28, 2001, from http://www2.pct.edu.courses/evara/ ATEG/Mono/Mulroy/War.htm

  17. Reducing Bias in Language • Be more specific, not less • Age ranges rather than broad categories • Men and women – rather than generic “mankind” • Avoid the generic “he” • Specific ethnic or racial labeling • Mention differences only when relevant

  18. Be Sensitive to Labels • Respect people’s preferences • Avoid labeling when possibleExample: the depressed, LDs, the elderly • Use “people first” languageExample: people over the age of 65, people with learning disabilities

  19. Standards of Comparison • Be aware of hidden standards that compare the study group to an invisible (standard) group.Example: “culturally deprived” (by what standard?) • Unparallel nouns Example: man and wife - Instead: husband and wife

  20. Standards of Comparison Continued • Avoid abnormal/normal comparisons Example: Lesbians and the general public - Instead: Lesbians and women identified as heterosexual Example: People with disabilities and normal people – Instead: People with disabilities and people without disabilities

  21. Acknowledge Participation • Replace the impersonal term “subjects” with- participants - individuals - college students - children

  22. Reduce Bias in Language • Gender • Sexual orientation • Racial and ethnic identity • Disability • Age

  23. LANGUAGE EXERTS A POWERFUL INFLUENCE

  24. Plagiarism The APA manual briefly defines plagiarism as using outside ideas and source materials and not giving credit to the appropriate author(s) (p. 349). Each time another source, idea, and/or outside source is paraphrased, quoted directly, or referred to in the text, the original source must be acknowledged and provided.

  25. For More Information… • American Psychological Association (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author • http:www.apastyle.org • OWL (Online Writing Center) - owl@twu.edu • Write Site Web Page http://www.twu.edu/as/engspfl/writesite/main.htm

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