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Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter. Four classes of matter. The four classes of matter are elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions. Homogeneous matter. Appears to look similar throughout Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream all parts are alike (appearance). Question.

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Classification of Matter

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  1. Classification of Matter

  2. Four classes of matter • The four classes of matter are elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions

  3. Homogeneous matter • Appears to look similar throughout • Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream • all parts are alike (appearance)

  4. Question • What does the prefix “homo” mean? • Name the four classes of matter. • What are the four phases of matter?

  5. Question • Milk in most stores is homogenized. What do you think this means?

  6. Heterogeneous matter • Matter that has different properties • Ex: soil, cereal with raisins, concrete

  7. Question • How is homogeneous matter different from heterogeneous matter?

  8. Question video • Why is it better to classify matter according to make-up rather than phase? Think!

  9. What is a mixture? • A combination of substances • Two or more substances that are not chemically combined

  10. Properties of mixtures • The substances in a mixture keep their separate identities (properties) • Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water

  11. Separating mixtures • The substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means • Evaporation and filtration are used to separate mixtures

  12. Types of mixtures (video) • Heterogeneous mixtures are the “least mixed” of all mixtures • The different particles in mixtures are large enough to be seen

  13. Homogeneous mixtures • Homogenous mixtures are “well mixed” • Particles are small and not easily recognized

  14. Question • What are two ways mixtures can be separated?

  15. Solutions (video) • A solution is a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another, “best mixed”

  16. Properties of a solution • Particles are not large enough to be seen • Evenly spread particles • Particles cannot be separated by simple physical means

  17. Alloys (video) • Solutions of metals are alloys • Ex: gold jewelry, brass, sterling silver, stainless steel

  18. Questions • Describe an alloy. • What are two properties of a solution?

  19. Pure substances (video) • Homogeneous matter is also known as a pure substance • Properties: one kind of material with the same properties

  20. Elements • Simplest types pure substances • Made of only one type of atom • Cannot be broken down by chemical processes or heating

  21. What is an atom? (video) • The smallest particle of an element that has the same properties of the element is the atom

  22. Chemical symbols • A short way of representing elements • Consists of one or two letters • An abbreviation for an element

  23. Question • What are two properties of elements? • What is an atom?

  24. Compounds (video) • Pure substances made of more than one element is a compound • Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia, sugar

  25. Molecules • Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded • Smallest part of a compound that has the same properties of that compound

  26. Separating compounds • Compounds are made of molecules • Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by heating and electricity

  27. Questions • How is a molecule different from an atom? • How is a compound different from an element?

  28. Chemical formulas • Combinations of chemical symbols are chemical formulas (C3H7OH) (NH3)

  29. Subscript • A subscript is placed to the lower right of the chemical symbol • It gives the number of atoms of the element

  30. Questions • How is chemical symbol different from a chemical formula?

  31. Chemical equations • A description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas is a chemical equation

  32. Coefficient • The number used to balance a chemical equation (coefficient) • “Balanced” means the same number of reactants and products

  33. Questions • How is a subscript different from a coefficient?

  34. Chemical reactions • Reactants are the substances that enter a chemical reaction • Products are the substances formed by a chemical reaction

  35. Chemical equations • 2H2+O2 (reactants) 2H2O • The arrow means yields (makes) • C + O2  CO2 (products) • Reactants (yield) products

  36. Questions • What does the arrow  mean in a chemical equation? • What is a chemical equation?

  37. Questions • What is another name for a chemical reaction? • On what side of a chemical reaction would you find the reactants? • Products?

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