First Aid

1. First Aid Chapter 10 & 11 Bone, Joint and Muscle Injuries Splinting the Extremities

2. Fractures Fracture and broken bone are the same. 2 categories of fx: Closed : Simple Open: Compound

3. Fractures Closed : Simple Skin is intact. No wound near the fracture

4. Fractures Open: Compound Skin is damaged or broken. Bone may protrude through skin

7. Fractures: What to Look For May be difficult to tell if bone is fractured When in doubt, tx as fx Use DOTS

8. Fractures: DOTS Not always obvious. Compare Deformity Open wound Tenderness Swelling

9. Fractures: Additional S&S Loss of Use Grating Sensation Hx of injury May or may not occur Can be felt or heard when ends of bones rub together Victim may have heard or felt bone snap

10. Fractures: What To Do Check and treat ABCs Tx for shock Gently remove clothing covering injured site LAF

11. Fractures: What To Do LAF: Look And Feel Look at injured site. Swelling? Brusiing? Damaged skin? Gently press, feel for deformity, tenderness

12. Fractures: What To Do Check circulation, nerves: Arm: Radial pulse Leg: Post tib pulse Sensation: squeeze fingers, toes Movement: Wiggle fingers, toes

13. Fractures: What To Do RICE Rest Ice Compress Elevate Injuries heal faster with rest. For 20 - 30 minutes q 2 - 3 hours for first 24 - 48 hours With Ace bandage. Wrap toward the heart After stabilized

14. RICE: Do Not Apply ice for more than 20- 30 minutes at a time Apply heat until after 48 - 72 hours.

15. Fractures: What To Do Stabilize with splint Stabilize: limit movement • Reduces pain • Prevents damage to muscles,nerves and blood vessels • Reduces bleeding and swelling

16. Types of Splints Improvised Folded newspaper, piece of wood, another body part Commercially prepared

17. Splints Stabilize before moving Splint in position found Cover wounds before applying splint

18. Splints Check pulses, if no pulse: try to straighten extremity to restore blood flow. Stabilize above and below injury

19. Splints Use cravats if possible Tie firmly but not too tight Check pulse after each cravat is tied Leave fingers or toes exposed

20. Splints RICE after splint is applied SMA immediately if no pulse in injured extremity

21. Joint Injuries: Dislocation Joint comes apart. Bone ends no longer in contact S&S similar to fx

22. Joint Injuries: Dislocation What To Do: Check circulation, sensation, movement RICE Splint Do not try to reduce SMA for reduction

23. Joint Injuries: Sprain Injury to joint ligaments Violent stretching or twisting SS similar to fx What to Do: RICE

24. Muscle Injuries: Strain Muscle pull Muscle stretched beyond normal ROM

25. Muscle Injuries: Strain Sharp pain Tenderness Indentation or bump that can be felt or seen Weakness or loss of function of injured part Stiffness and pain with movement What to Do: RICE

26. Contusions Bruises Swelling, Pain Tenderness Black and blue marks What to Do: RICE

27. Cramps Muscle in uncontrolled spasm. Severe pain

28. Cramps: What To Do Have victim gently stretch muscle or Relax muscle by applying pressure to it or Apply Ice or Pinch upper lip hard (accu-pressure) or Drink commercial sports drink

29. Cramps: Do Not Give salt tablets Massage or rub affected muscle (causes more pain and does not relieve cramping)

30. Blood Under Nail Painful Ice Elevate Relieve pressure Apply dressing to absorb blood and protect nail Relieve Pressure: Use paper clip Heat with lighter Press against nail until it melts thru Very little pressure is needed

32. Ring Strangulation Lubricate finger with grease, oil, butter Immerse finger in cold water or apply ice Wind thread around finger toward ring Have ring cut off Insert finger into partially blown up balloon for about 15 minutes

35. Learning Activities 10 Fractures 1. For a suspected fx, check blood flow and nerves. Yes

36. Learning Activities 10 Fractures 2. Apply cold on a suspected fx. Yes

37. Learning Activities 10 Fractures 3. A splint can stabilize a fx. Yes

38. Learning Activities 10 Scenerio: falls off 10 foot ladder. Pain in left leg. Find deformity, tenderness, swelling. What to do? Check and tx ABCs Tx for shock Check blood flow and nerves Splint, RICE

39. Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 1. RICE represents tx for sprains and dislocations. Yes

40. Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 2. Place ice directly on skin. No

41. Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 3. Appling heat too soon to an injury is a common mistake. Yes

42. Learning Activities 10 Dislocation and Sprains 4. An ACE bandage, when used correctly can help control swelling. Yes

43. Learning Activities 10 Scenario: Limping and in pain. Twisted ankle. What to do? RICE

44. Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 1.Give salt tablets for cramps. No

45. Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 2.Apply heat initially to muscle injury. No

46. Learning Activities 10 Muscle Injuries 3.An elastic bandage, if used correctly, can help limit swelling. Yes

47. Learning Activities 10 Scenario: Bat hits player on thigh. Tenderness and swelling. What to do? RICE

48. First Aid Kits Item Quantity Cravats 3 Ace bandage 1 Paper clip 1 String 1 (dental floss or thread)