first aid

1. Volunteer Marine Rescue 4 TDM MF1007B first aid

2. Burns Care for Burns • Cool the burned area • Cover the burned area • Prevent infection • Minimise shock • Call an ambulance for serious burns

3. Burns

4. Inhalation of Fumes Symptoms and Signs • Breathing difficulties. • Burns or stains around the mouth or nose. • Skin colour pale, cyanotic or turning cherry pink • Listlessness • Disorientation • Confusion • Symptoms and signs of shock • Collapse

5. Heat and Cold The Body’s Reaction Radiated Heat Skin Surface Blood Vessels

6. Hypothermia What is Hypothermia Hypothermia occurs when the body is unable to generate enough heat to replace that being lost to the environment and the core temperature drops below 350 C. Hypothermia is aMEDICAL EMERGENCY

7. 37o 35o 33o 30o 26o Hypothermia The effects of Hypothermia Normal Body Temperature Hypothermia Develops Cardiac Malfunction Unconscious Irreversible

8. 37o 35o 33o 30o 26o Hypothermia Signs and Symptoms Pale Skin Cold to Touch Shivering Loss of Muscle Coordination Slurring of Speech Behavioural Changes Slow Pulse / Respiration Loss of Consciousness

9. Hypothermia First aid for all cases of hypothermia These first aid tips apply to all stages of hypothermia: • Don’t massage or rub the person. • Move the person out of the cold. • Remove wet clothing. • Try to warm the person. • Share body heat. • Don’t give alcohol. • Do not leave the person alone. • Continually monitor breathing. • Don’t assume the person is dead. • Seek medical aid. Call 000

10. Hyperthermia Summer Heat • Heat stress is a serious hazard in the workplace as well as at home. • Excessive heat can place an abnormal stress on your body. • When your body temperature rises even a few degrees above normal (which is about 37.1 degrees Celsius) you can experience • muscle cramps • become weak • disoriented • dangerously ill

11. Hyperthermia Heat Cramps- First Aid First aid for heat cramps will vary. • The best care is: • Rest • Move to a cool environment • Drink plenty of water- No soft drinks, Soda Water, or Alcohol. • Electrolyte fluids such as Gatorade may also be used.

12. Heat Exhaustion First Aid • Rest in the shade or cool place. • Drink plenty of water (preferred) or electrolyte fluids. • Loosen clothing to allow the body to cool. • Use cool wet rags too aid cooling.

13. Heat Stroke You’re Out of Time This is a serious medical condition that urgently requires medical attention. Sweating is diminished or absent, which makes the skin hot and dry. Body temperature is very high (410 C. and rising).

14. Mental confusion Delirium Chills Dizziness Loss of consciousness Heat Stroke Signs and Symptoms • Convulsions or Coma. • A body temperature of 40.50 C or higher. • Hot, dry skin that may be red, mottled or bluish. • A strong fast pulse.

15. Heat Stroke Rapid Response • If you suspect someone is suffering from heat stroke, call an ambulance immediately • Their condition will rapidly deteriorate • You must provide care immediately

16. Heat Stroke First Aid • This is a Medical Emergency!! • Brain damage and death are possible • Until medical help arrives, move the victim from the heat and into a cool place Call 000

17. Heat Stroke First Aid • You must use extreme caution when soaking clothing or applying water to a victim. Shock may occur if done to quickly or with water too cool. • Soak his or her clothes with water and use a fan or ice packs. • Douse the body continuously with a cool liquid and summon medical aid immediately.

18. Bites & Stings • Snake Bite (Land & Sea). • Marine Stingers • Spiders, Scorpion, Centipede & Ants • Bush Ticks • Bees & Wasps.

19. Bites & Stings Pressure Immobilisation • Snakes (Land & Sea). • Box Jelly Fish – Also requires Vinegar application • Cone Shell • Funnel Web Spider • Blue Ringed Octopus • All Bites that cause an allergic reaction.

20. Pressure Bandage D.R.S.A.B.C.D. Rest and reassure person Apply pressure bandage From bite to toes or fingers Then up to groin or armpit. • Remember • Do not wash the bitten area • Do not remove the bandage • Do not elevate the limb • Do not walk, run to get help Do not remove the bandage once applied

21. Cold Pack (No Pressure Bandage) Pain Relief Use Ice Packs or Cold Water for 20 to 30 Minutes

22. These require Pressure Immobilisation Bandages

23. These Require HOTwater treatment REMEMBER Casualty should test the temperature before application

24. Treatment for ticks • Remove a tick by twisting with tweezers. • If the person is allergic, • Apply pressure immobilisation bandage • Seek medical care without delay

25. Poisons Poisons Enter the Body Via The Mouth The Lungs Injection Absorption

26. Poisons Types of Poisons • Household Poisons • Poisonous Plants • Food Poisoning • Alcohol Poisoning • Industrial poisoning • Drugs

27. Poisons Ingested Poisons If it Burns Going Down It will Burn Coming Up.

28. Poisons Corrosive & Petroleum Based Do Not induce vomiting as corrosive substances could burn the oesophagus, throat and mouth. Instead give small amounts of Milk DO NOT induce vomiting Seek Medical Aid

29. Poisons Information Centre National Phone: 131 126