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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. In a nutshell. Important Elements. CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry Also important… Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur Phosphorus Chlorine. C. Covalent Bonds. Covalent bonds occur when electrons are SHARED between non-metals.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry In a nutshell..

  2. Important Elements • CARBON is the most important element in organic chemistry • Also important… • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Sulphur • Phosphorus • Chlorine

  3. C Covalent Bonds • Covalent bonds occur when electrons are SHARED between non-metals. • Carbon has 4 bonds Valence Electrons

  4. Other Bonds • Hydrogen one bond • Oxygen two bonds • Nitrogen three bonds • Sulphur two bonds (varies) • Phosphorus three bonds (varies) • Chlorine one bond • Bonds = # valence electrons needed to be Happy 

  5. One, Two, Three…. • Elements can form Single, Double, and Triple Bonds • Single bonds share 2 electrons • Double bonds share 4 electrons • Triple bonds share 6 electrons H H O O N N

  6. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen and carbon only. • They are divided up based on the number of bonds. • alkanes have Single Bonds • alkenes have Double Bonds • alkynes have Triple Bonds

  7. Prefixes • Prefixes are used to describe the number of Carbons in the compound. • Meth = 1 Carbon Eth = 2 Carbons H H H C C C H H H H H H H

  8. Prefixes • Meth 1 carbon Hex 6 carbons • Eth 2 carbons Hept 7 carbons • Prop 3 carbons Oct 8 carbons • But 4 carbons Non 9 carbons • Pent 5 carbons Dec 10 carbons

  9. Prefix + Suffix • MethaneEthylene H H H C C C H H H H H

  10. Functional Groups • Functional groups contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, that are attached to the carbon chain and determine chemical properties. H H H H H C C C C C H H H H H H H

  11. Functional Group Examples • The –OH functional group is characteristic of all organic alcohols. H C H OH H Methanol: Meth = 1 carbon ol = functional group OH

  12. Functional Group Examples • The –COOH functional group is characteristic of all organic carboxylic acids H C OH O Methanoic Acid: Meth = 1 carbon oic acid = OOH functional group

  13. Benzene Ring H C H H C C C C H C H H

  14. H H H H H C C C C C H H H H H H H Name that Compound! Pentane

  15. H H C C C C C H H Name that Compound! Pentene

  16. H C C H OH H O Name that Compound Ethonic acid

  17. H C C C H H H Name that Compound Propyne

  18. Crystal Meth N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

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