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The Great Awakening: 18 th Century America

The Great Awakening: 18 th Century America. “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian. www.billpetro.com/v7pc. Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to. Trace development of the Great Awakening

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The Great Awakening: 18 th Century America

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  1. The Great Awakening:18th Century America “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian www.billpetro.com/v7pc

  2. ObjectivesBy the end of this session you should be able to • Trace development of the Great Awakening • Identify the key players: 3 W’s • Outline the life of Jonathan Edwards

  3. American Church History 1787 1865 Calvinism Arminianism Biblistic Rationalism Liberalism Subjectivism Existentialism Theocentrism Anthropocentrism Liberalism

  4. Revivalism • God’s saints are revived • They share their faith locally • Missionary enterprise beyond the locale • Social outreach

  5. Colonies: 1750

  6. Middle Colonies Course of Awakening • 1720’s: Theodore FruelinghausenN. New Jersey Dutch pastor – Rariton River Valley • He noticed some of his Deacons were becoming converted • New Brunswick, NJ – PresbyteriansWilliam Tennent and his Irish sons

  7. William Tennent • 1673-1745 • Presbyterian evangelist • Log College

  8. Northern Course of Awakening • 1734-37: Connecticut River Valley - Congregationalists: Northampton to the Atlantic • Died down for 3 years • Enflamed under Whitefield:Boston, Salem, Portsmouth, all of New England • Leadership and writings of Jonathan Edwards

  9. “Evangelicalism” • Premise: conversion, “new birth” • Puritans: public profession • 1730s, 40s: “Awakenings” Colonies, England, Wales, Scotland • Mass conversions, open air preaching of the Word • Split churches: “New Lights/New Side” vs. “Old Lights/Old Side”

  10. Southern Course of Awakening • Presbyterians in N. Virginia • Baptists (Separate Congregationalists) in New England (Connecticut) expands to Separate Baptists in N. Carolina • From 6,000 – 20,000 in 3 years, foundation of Southern Baptists

  11. Baptists • In America since 17th century • Galvanized by Great Awakening

  12. The 3 W’s Whitefield EdWards Wesley

  13. George Whitefield • 1714 - 1770 • In 1738 made 1st of 7 visits to the America • Ordained Anglican • “Great Itinerant” • Member of Wesley’s Oxford “Holy Club” • Popular as G. Washington • Huge crowds: 30,000

  14. Preaching in the Field • Collapsible Field pulpit

  15. The New Birth • John 3:1-8 • Whitefield: “How this glorious Change is wrought in the Soul cannot easily be explained."

  16. Ben Franklin on Whitefield • Heard Whitefield preach in Colonies & England: • Philadelphia Hall • Georgia orphanage • Size of crowds • Pleased with discourse

  17. John Wesley • 1703 - 1791 • “a brand plucked from the burning”

  18. Wesley vs. Whitefield Son of Anglican rector Son of tavern keeper Strict religious upbringing Worldly influences Conversion: Aldersgate, 35 Oxford, 21 Preaching: Intellectual, doctrinal Dramatic, emotional Arminian (semi-Augustinian) Calvinistic Exceptional organizer Exceptional preacher

  19. Methodism • Hierarchical • Episcopal

  20. Methodists: Francis Asbury • 1745-1816 • Leader in 2nd Great Awakening

  21. Jonathan Edwards • 1703-1758 • Interpreter of and apologist for the Great Awakening

  22. First Churches, Northampton • Fifth Meeting House

  23. Jonathan Edwards In memory of Jonathan Edwards Minister of Northampton From Feb 15, 1727 to June 22, 1750 “The law of truth was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found in his lips: he walked with me in peace and equity, and did turn many away from iniquity” Malachi 2:6

  24. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Enfield, July 8, 1741

  25. Revival of Northampton

  26. Jonathan Edwards, A Life

  27. “Denominationalism” • Primary expression of American Christianity, post 1740’s • Based, in part, on freedom to differ • Denomination vs. Sect • Inclusive vs. Exclusive • The true church cannot be identified with any single ecclesiastical structure • Seed planted by Reformers: not of bishops but of believers • Architected by Congregationalists at Westminster Assembly

  28. Effects of the Great Awakening • 80% of Americans unified in common understanding of Christian life and faith • Dissent/dissenters enjoyed greater respect: Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians • Emphasis on education: Univ. of Penn, UNC

  29. Effects of the Great Awakening, cont • Preaching to Indians and Slaves • Reinterpreted Covenant: man’s response • Dissolution of Theocracy: disestablishment in VA & NC, democratization • Breakdown in theological consensus: New/Old Lights

  30. 1-Word Summary • Pilgrims Separatists • Puritans Saints • Denominations Inclusive • Whitefield Dramatic • Wesley Methodism • Edwards Glory • Great Awakening Fire

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