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The Marine Realm

The Marine Realm. Morphology and Processes. Hypsography Effect of eustatic and tectonic changes on land/sea distribution through Geologic time . Marine Environments. Ocean Basins. Marine Environments. Pericontinental Margins. Epicontinental (epieric) Seas. Marine Environments.

Gabriel
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The Marine Realm

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  1. The Marine Realm Morphology and Processes

  2. Hypsography Effect of eustatic and tectonic changes on land/sea distribution through Geologic time Marine Environments

  3. Ocean Basins Marine Environments

  4. Pericontinental Margins Epicontinental (epieric) Seas Marine Environments

  5. Wind Waves Wave Induced Longshore/ cross shore currents Celestial Tides Storm Surge or Tide Biological activity Processes/Products on the Shelf

  6. Wave energy (proportional to h2) Conditions necessary for Fully developed seas (maximum wave size for a given fetch, duration, or speed) Wind Waves and Wave Generated Structures • Wave Climate (typical wave “size”) • Wind fetch, speed, duration • Wind wave length (λ), height (h) and period (T) • Max h = λ/7 λ is proportional toT

  7. Wind Waves and Wave Generated Structures • Wave Climate (typical wave “size”) • Wind fetch, speed, duration • Wind wave length (λ), height (h) and period (T)

  8. Wind Waves and Wave Generated Structures • Wave induced currents • Wave length, orbital velocity, wave base

  9. Common bed forms (shape of the unconsolidated bed) due to fluid flow in Unidirectional (one direction) flow Flow transverse, asymmetric bed forms 2D&3D ripples and dunes Bi-directional (oscillatory) Straight crested symmetric ripples Combined Flow Hummocks and swales Bed Response to Water (fluid) Flow

  10. Bed Response to Steady-state, Unidirectional, Water Flow • Hydrodynamic variables • Grain Size | Most Important • Flow Depth |--> Variables in Natural Fluid Flow • Flow velocity| Systems • Fluid Viscosity • Fluid Density • Particle Density • g (gravity)

  11. Wind Waves and Wave Generated Structures • Shelf morphodynamics

  12. Wind Waves and Wave Generated Structures • Storm shelf deposits; Tempestite Model Idealized Tempestite

  13. Tidal Processes and Products • Tidal force (simplified)

  14. Tidal cyclicity and range Microtidal <2m Mesotidal 2-4 m Macrotidal >4m Tidal Processes and Products

  15. Tidal Processes and Products • Tidal deposits Barrier island, tidal pass, back barrier tidal flat channels, and ebb tidal delta; South Carolina Coast

  16. Wave Induced Shoreline Currents • Long shore and cross shore currents

  17. Sea level super elevation and storm surge Storm low pressure center Strong storm wind setup Surge ebb Offshore, pressure gradient induced flow Coriolis modification Storm Surge/Surge Ebb

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