Wireless Information Devices and the Mobile Internet Charles Davies Psion CTO charles.davies@psion

1. Wireless Information Devices and the Mobile Internet Charles Davies Psion CTO charles.davies@psion.com

2. Contents • Summary • Introduce Psion, history • Symbian joint venture, history • Intro to Wireless Information Devices • WID design issues • Technology drivers • Summary

3. Summary • Many kinds of devices will access the internet – not just PC’s • Wireless information devices will challenge the PC as the dominant internet access device • Mobile internet isn’t just WAP • WAP will probably be the main driver over the next 1-2 years • Psion believes in a richer mobile internet experience than is possible with just WAP – or even any browser • Gap between wireless and wired bandwidth will increase and devices need a significant off-line capability • SyncML is an important mobile internet standard • Future is unpredictable and exciting • Numerous potentially disruptive technologies • Many competing form factors and platforms • Complex industry value networks which have yet to “lock” • Network operators, content providers, device manufacturers

4. Psion

5. Psion’s History and Roots

6. Psion Vision • In the emerging age of mobile Internet, more and more people will depend on personal, wireless access to the Internet, wherever they are. • Mobile Internet will empower them in their work and personal life with information, communications, transactions and entertainment. • Since its inception, Psion has provided innovative solutions addressing real customer needs. Psion will shape and lead the mobile internet age by delivering distinctive mobile internet solutions and devices to people and organisations.

7. Psion PLC Symbian 28% owned Software Devices Computers Enterprise Infomedia Dacom/ Connect Services Internet

8. Psion Current Products Travel modem Revo 5mx S7/NetBook HC V-Comm GoldCard 56k Modem ISDN GSM 10/100Ethernet Communicator Tablet Smartphone Workabout

9. Symbian

10. Symbian Joint Venture

11. Psion -> Symbian History • Psion Organiser I in 1984, 8-bit technology • Start work on 16-bit multi-tasking OS in 1988 • Series3 launched in 1991 • Starts work on 32-bit RISC (ARM) OS in Nov 1994 • Psion Software division formed July 1996 • Decision to license platform externally • Psion Software focuses on cellular device manufacturers • Acquires Nokia and Philips as licensees • Series5 launched in June 1997 • On 24th June 1998, Psion Software turned into the Symbian joint venture with Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola, & subsequently Panasonic • Symbian now 560 people strong (from a base of about 100)

12. Symbian’s Mission To set the standard for mobile wireless operating systems To enable a mass market for Wireless Information Devices (WIDs)

13. Wireless Information Devices Computing Communication Fixed Phone Desktop Laptop Mobile Phone Palmtop Feature Phone Communicator Smartphone Internet

14. Symbian DFRDs Crystal Pearl Quartz DFRD = Device Family Reference Design

15. The Symbian Platform Crystal Communicators Quartz Phone Pads Pearl Smartphones 20% Symbian user interfaces Symbian application engines 20% Symbian system layer Symbian Platform 55% 5% Symbian operating system

16. Wireless Information Devices

17. Work PC Home PC Set Top Box Web Pad PDA Games Console Universal Internet Access Internet Fax Corporate data Messaging Contacts Agenda Secure personal data WAP Phone WID

18. Simple Client Enriched Client Full PC Simple Phone SMS Voice WAP Phone WAP SMS Voice Connected PDA HTMLLocal Processing Local Memory WAP/SMS Java SyncML WID HTML Local Processing Local Memory WAP/SMS Java SyncML Voice Sub- Notebook Windows HTML Java SyncML Notebook Windows HTML Java SyncML Mobile Internet Devices

19. Forces Driving Mobile Internet • Higher speeds + instant access/push • GSM/CDMA/TDMA -> GPRS -> UMTS • More & better devices • One box - WIDs - integrated GSM/CDMA/TDMA • Two box - PDAs + Bluetooth + Phones • Multimedia capabilities: audio/video • Every cell phone a WAP phone • Services aimed at mobile devices • Time and location sensitive/aware services • “Access-anywhere solutions” ,e.g. universal PIM • Voice input and voice-data integration • Media awareness • Hot topic fuelling demand

20. Simple Client Enriched Client Full PC Simple Phone WAP Phone Connected PDA WID Sub- Notebook Notebook Unit Shipments 8M 100M 2000 280M 500M 22M 31M 2003 Mobile Internet Devices

21. Wireless Information Devices Wireless Information Device Internet Handheld Computer Mobile Phone + 1Billion Mobile Phone Subscribers 1Billion Internet Users

22. Mobile Phones Surpass PCs Sources: EMC 2000, Dataquest1999

23. Industry Value Chains • There are three inter-related ‘value chains’ involved in provision of mobile internet solutions to the user • Need to understand and selectively play based on where value is captured, who owns the customer relationship Terminals H/w Components Service delivery Devices S/w Components Service Providers Network Infrastructure Network Operators e-Commerce infra-structure Content & services Portals Pipe or portal? Walled gardens? Sticky gardens? Services

24. Handheld computer Mobile phone Personal Organisation Voice Communication Messaging (email, SMS, fax) Information Access Mobile Enterprise Computing Mobile eCommerce Entertainment WID-addressed Mobile Needs

25. Core Benefits Connected Electronic Organiser Mobile Feature Phone Dial/answer Contact SMS Contact Fax Contact Email Contact SyncML Messaging Internet Access

26. i-Mode • i-Mode has “crossed the chasm” in Japan • 5 million subscribers now • 10 million forecast within 18 months of launch • Overtaken Nifty (Japan’s largest wired ISP) • Subscribers currently increasing by >100K per week • >3k i-Mode web sites increasing by 150 per week • Controlled by network operator - NTT DoCoMo • Only 9600 bps - speed is not the main benefit • Uses PDC-P - packet switched service always on • Based on HTML 3.0 with additional tags • No new language for content providers to learn • Only Japan, so roaming not an issue

27. WID Design Issues

28. Design trade-offs Data • Data vs. voice • Separate devices? • Separate networks? • Separate service contracts? • Performance vs. availability • Performance: functions, processing power, screen, keyboard • Availability: size, weight, battery life, instant on, responsiveness Nokia 9110 Palm VII RIM Blackberry Smartphone Mobile phone Phone Performance PC Notebook Series7 Series5 Revo Palm III Availability

29. Form factors Phone IrDA orBluetooth • Keyboard vs. pen • Just pen, just keyboard or keyboard+pen • Pointing devices improve the UI experience • Keyboards make text input easier • 1-box vs. 2-box (or even 3-box) • IrDA 2-box • Bluetooth 2-box (or 3-box) • Flexibility vs. simplicity • Hold to ear vs. headset and hands free • Voice control? Handheld Computer 2-box Radio Bluetooth Handheld Computer Headset 3-box

30. Application models • Thin client (fixed client) • WAP, Web (HTML), Citrix • Easiest to program, widest standard • Synchronisation • SyncML • Responsive off-line usage, best user experience, efficient use of wireless bandwidth • Client-server • Connected Java or C++ application • Best on-line user experience • Push • New model, SMS smart messaging • Asynchronous notifications 13

31. WID Platform Positioning Rich user experience Citrix EPOC C++ HTML Java Webclipping Network dependent Off-line capable I-mode SMS WAP Basic user experience

32. Enriched Mobile Internet TomTom Quartz demo See www.tomtom.com

33. Technologies

34. Technologies • Microbrowsers • SyncML • GSM -> GPRS -> EDGE -> UMTS • Bluetooth • Java • DAB • Speech recognition

35. Microbrowsers • WAP • C-HTML • I-mode • Microsoft have their own cut down HTML • Palm’s Web clipping • “Full” HTML in a small screen • Psion (EPOC), Nokia 9110 (GEOS) • Symbian communicator class devices will have a full browser • XHTML is attractive • Multimode microbrowsers • E.g. HTML + WAP

36. WAP • Functionally similar to Web • Very limited client capability assumed • Designed for small screens, limited OS, narrow bandwidth,high latency – “long thin pipe” • All mobile phones will have a WAP browser soon • WAP browser compatibility is biggest issue today • Some security problems at the gateway • WAP implementations will get better • WAP standard will evolve and get better • WAP essentially mandated by network operators • Several 100M WAP phones will drive WML content/services • Will not charm (user interface not good) • Really needs GPRS – which is really coming • WAP is a “must have” but it is not the full mobile internet answer • Attractive to content/application providers because of installed base

37. Browser Platform Data Source XML Transcoding (Using e.g. XSL) n n n HTML Small screen HTML WML WML/HTTP WAP Gateway WMLBIN/WSP PC Web Browser WID Web Browser WAP Browser

41. Repurposing Data Source HTML Repurposing Proxy PC Web Browser Small screen HTML WML WAP Gateway WID Web Browser WAP Browser

42. Multimode Browser Data Source XML HTML WML WAP Gateway Opera Browser WAP Browser www.operasoftware.com

43. SyncML • Industry initiative for an open synchronisation platform • Sponsored by Ericsson, IBM/Lotus, Motorola/Starfish, Nokia, Palm & Psion • Enduring need for local data despite improvements in wireless bandwidth and coverage • E.g. you don’t want to use WAP to get every contact number • Synchronised data includes contacts, calendar, todo’s, files, database records, application programs • Standard sync protocol that meets the need for interoperability between terminals and servers • Terminals: from phones to WID’s to PC’s • Services: Internet-based PIM, email, backup, installing applications • Psion producing EPOC client and corresponding services • See www.syncml.org

44. Bluetooth • Low cost, low power short distance radio link • Data and Voice • 10m range but can be turned up to 100m • Uses globally available spectrum (2.4GHz) • Overwhelming industry support • Makes 2-box and 3-box more attractive • Also attractive for accessing LAN’s via network access points • More effort to ensure interoperability than IrDA • Integration cost target is $5 but this needs time and enormous volume • 2-3 years to reach sub $10 • See www.bluetooth.com 15

45. Wireless broadband? Growth in Wireless Data Speeds • Speed will drive market growth • Speed will improve markedly • But this has been over-hyped • Real speed less than theoretical maxima • A few megabits per base station • Broadband is “Always On” connectivity model • No call set-up required • Instant Access • Better user experience • Enables new / richer applications 2,000 1,500 1,000 Megabits Per Second 500 0 GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS Today 2000 2001 2003

46. GPRS • Packet switched data on GSM networks • IP connection to network operator’s intranet • Coverage starting 2nd half 2000 • Full domestic roll-out will take ~2 years, roaming support may take longer, numerous practical problems • Always connected more important than bps • Will transform WAP experience • GPRS data rates have been over hyped • Super hype 170kbps, hype 115kbps, reality 43kbps • Charging model still uncertain • One simple option is price per packet • E.g. NTT DoCoMo charges 0.3 Yen per 128-byte packet ($24 per MB or $1.35 per minute assuming $1=100Yen) 16

47. Number of Users per GSM Transmit Channel Based on statistical assessment Source: Nortel

48. GPRS Data Throughput Data Throughput (kbps) Based on statistical assessment Source: Nortel Number of Users

49. Digital Audio Broadcasting • Digital Audio Broadcasting • Also called Digital Radio • Digital replacement of Analogue FM/AM • FM/AM transmissions will cease in 5-10 years • Eureka 147 • Pioneered by the BBC some 10 years ago • ETSI standard for transmission of DAB (1995) • Being adopted world-wide (except US & Japan) • Availability • BBC have been broadcasting since 1995 • UK Commercial stations launched November ’99 • In Europe, DAB transmissions are available to 150 million people

50. World-wide Adoption