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REJECTION SENSITIVITY: ITS IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL DIFFICULTIES AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS

REJECTION SENSITIVITY: ITS IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL DIFFICULTIES AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS . Alexis V. Marbach December 17, 2009 SB721. REJECTION SENSITIVITY.

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REJECTION SENSITIVITY: ITS IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL DIFFICULTIES AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS

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  1. REJECTION SENSITIVITY: ITS IMPACT ON INTERPERSONAL DIFFICULTIES AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS Alexis V. Marbach December 17, 2009 SB721

  2. REJECTION SENSITIVITY • Rejection sensitivity is formally defined by Downey and Feldman (1996) as a, “cognitive-affective processing dynamic or disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive and react in an exaggerated manner to cues of rejection in the behavior of others” (Romero-Canyas & Downey, 2005, 132).

  3. CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR RS Rejecting Experiences 1 Cognitive- Affective Reactions Rejection Sensitivity angry or anxious expectations of rejection Perceptions of rejection Behavioral Reactions 5 4 3 2

  4. Implications of Rejection Sensitivity for adolescent romantic relationships Parental Rejection -abuse -neglect -rejection -hostility -conditional acceptance Peer Rejection -physical victimization -relational victimization Rejection by romantic partner Rejection because of status group characteristics -sexual orientation race/ethnicity disability Avoidance strategy: -avoids romantic relationships -postpones transition into romantic relationships -avoids investing in romantic relationships Rejection Sensitivity -Defensively expect rejection -Readily perceive rejection -Overreact to rejection Overinvestment Strategy: Reflective responses: Coercion -use of aggression to induce partner to remain in relationship -threats of self-harm to keep partner in relationship Compliance -Tolerating emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in order to maintain relationship Reflexive responses: -Withdrawl -Dejection or helplessness -Anger and hostility Response of others (Downey, Bonica, & Rincon, 1999, p. 150)

  5. TOKEN RESISTANCE • By initially saying no, then giving in, a perpetrator learns that he or she should not accept “no” for an answer and that if they continue to push, their partner (or victim) will inevitably give in to their desires. • Young and Furman clarify by stating, “the clear and decided meaning of ‘no’ becomes eroded for the perpetrator when the result is not to consistently curb sexual activity” (Young & Furman, 2008, p. 306).

  6. REFERENCES Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journalof Orthopychiatry, 52(4), 664-678. Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R.E., & Wanner, B. (2002). Parent and Peer Effects on Delinquency-related Violence and Dating Violence: A test of Two Meditational Models. Social Development, 11(2), 225-244. Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of Rejection Sensitivity for Intimate Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327-1343.   Downey, G., Bonica, C., & Rincon, C. (1999). Rejection Sensitivity and Adolescent Romantic Relationships. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, and C. Feirina (Eds.), The Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence (148-210). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Downey, G. Feldman, S., & Ayduk, O. (2000). Rejection sensitivity and male violence in romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 7, 45-61. Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy in Close Relationships: Rejection Sensitivity and rejection by Intimate Partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 545-560. Feiring, C., Deblinger, E., Hoch-Espada, A., & Haworth, T. (2002). Romantic Relationship Aggression and Attitudes in High School Students: The Role of Gender, Grade, and Attachment and Emotional Styles. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(5), 373-385. Harper, M. S., Dickson, J.W., & Welsh, D. P. (2006). Self-Silencing and Rejection Sensitivity in Adolescent Romantic Relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35 (3), 459-467.   Koralewski, M. A., & Conger, J. C. (1992). The Assessment of Social Skills Among Sexually Coercive College Males. The Journal of Sex Research, 29(2), 169-188. Levy, S.R., Ayduk, O., & Downey, G. (2001). The Role of Rejection Sensitivity in People’s Relationships with Significant Others and Valued Social Groups. In Leary, M.R. (eds), Interpersonal Rejection (251-290). New York: Oxford University Press. London, B., Downey, G., & Bonica, C. (2007). Social Causes and Consequences of Rejection Sensitivity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17(3), 481-506.   Purdie, V., & Downey, G. (2000). Rejection Sensitivity and Adolescent Girls’ Vulnerability to Relationship-Centered Difficulties. Child Maltreatment, 5(4), 338-349.   Romero-Canyas, R. & Downey, G. (2005). Rejection Sensitivity as a Predictor of Affective and Behavioral Responses to Interpersonal Stress: A Defensive Motivational System. In Williams, K.D., Forgas, J.P., & von Hippel, W. (Eds.), The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying (p. 131-154). New York: Psychology Press.  Ward, T., McCormack, J., & Hudson, S. M. (1997). Sexual Offenders’ Perceptions of Their Intimate Relationships. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9(1), 57-74. Young, B. J., & Furman, W. (2008). Interpersonal Factors in the Risk for Sexual Victimization and its Recurrence during Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 297-309

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