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Matter – Properties and Changes. Chap. 3. Can you think of anything that is pure?. Substance. (Pure) Substance . Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition. Substance Properties of matter. Substance Properties of matter. Extensive vs. Intensive. Extensive Property.
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Matter – Properties and Changes Chap. 3
(Pure) Substance Matter that has a constant, unchanging composition
Substance • Properties of matter
Substance • Properties of matter • Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive Property Intensive Property
Extensive Property Intensive Property Depends on amount of substance
Extensive Property Intensive Property Depends on amount of substance Ex. mass, length, volume,
Extensive Property Intensive Property Depends on amount of substance Independent of the amount of substance Ex. mass, length, volume,
Extensive Property Intensive Property Depends on amount of substance Independent of the amount of substance Ex. mass, length, volume, Ex. density, boiling point, color
Substance • Properties of Matter • Extensive vs. Intensive • Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Property Chemical Property
Physical Property Chemical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition
Physical Property Chemical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Ex. color, state, BP, density
Physical Property Chemical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Property that when measured alters a substance Ex. color, state, BP, density
Physical Property Chemical Property Property that can be observed without altering composition Property that when measured alters a substance Ex. color, state, BP, density Ex. Oxidizing ability, reactivity
Substance • Properties of Matter • Extensive vs. Intensive • Physical vs. Chemical • State
Three States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas
Substance • Properties of Matter • Changes in Matter
Substance • Properties of Matter • Changes in Matter • Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Change Chemical Change Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition
Physical Change Chemical Change Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Physical Change Chemical Change Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition Change that alters composition of substance Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change
Physical Change Chemical Change Change in macro-scopic structure without altering composition Change that alters composition of substance Ex. Crush, cut, grind, phase change Ex. Corrode, explode, oxidize, burn
Substance • Properties of Matter • Changes in Matter • Physical vs. Chemical • Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Mass Massreactants = Massproducts
Self Check – Ex. 1 A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed?
Self Check – Ex. 1 A 22.8-g sample of water is decomposed. It produces 2.6-g of hydrogen. What mass of oxygen is formed? Moxygen = 20.6 g
Mixtures • Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous
Mixture Combination of two or more pure substances
Mixtures • Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout.
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. mixture with visibly different parts. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture has the same composition throughout. mixture with visibly different parts. Ex. gatorade, radiator fluid, saltwater Ex. salad, root beer float, sandy water
Homogenous Mixture = Solution
some other solutions • gas in gas – air • gas in liquid – carbonated drink • liquid in gas – water droplets in air • solid in solid – alloy
Mixtures • Separating
Mixtures • Separating • filtration
Mixtures • Separating • filtration • distillation
Mixtures • Separating • filtration • distillation • crystallization
Mixtures • Separating • filtration • distillation • crystallization • chromatography
Self Check – Ex. 2 A mixture of salt, sand and water is created. How can you recover the sand and salt?
Self Check – Ex. 3 A mixture of red dye is placed in water. How can this mixture be separated?
Elements & Compounds • Element
Element Pure substance that can’t be broken down by physical or chemical means
elements • organized on periodic table • about 100 elements (90 occur naturally) • they aren’t equally abundant • abbreviated with 1 or 2 letter symbols
Elements & Compounds • Element • Compound