1 / 78

Chapter 1 Themes of bio Characteristics of living things The Scientific Method

Chapter 1 Themes of bio Characteristics of living things The Scientific Method Microscopes and Measurements. Bio- logy : study of. Life. (Time line of life with arms). Why Study Biology?. organisms. To learn how living things…. LIVE! What is it made up of? How does it work?

Jims
Download Presentation

Chapter 1 Themes of bio Characteristics of living things The Scientific Method

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 Themes of bio Characteristics of living things The Scientific Method Microscopes and Measurements

  2. Bio- logy: study of Life (Time line of life with arms)

  3. Why Study Biology? organisms • To learn how living things…. LIVE! What is it made up of? How does it work? How does it interact with others? • To help you make informed decisions on issues that impact YOU and YOUR society

  4. A living thing aka ORGANISM

  5. Why is a virus NOT considered to be living? 1) It is not a cell 2) It cannot reproduce without a host organism 3) No Metabolic functions

  6. M for Multicellular OrganismU for Unicellular Organism M U M M U

  7. 5 KINGDOMS: PLANT ANIMAL FUNGI PROTIST MONERA 3 DOMAINS: EUKARYOTES PLANT ANIMAL FUNGI PROTIST PROKAROTES ARCHAEBACTERIA History of ClassifyingR. Whittaker Carl Woese

  8. 3 Domains • EUKARYA • PROKARYA • ARCHAEBACTERIA

  9. Domain Archaea

  10. Domain Prokarya Cocci Bacilli, Spirilli

  11. Domain Prokarya Cyanobacteria - photosynthetic

  12. 4 Kingdoms (of Eukarya) • ANIMAL • PLANT • FUNGI • PROTIST

  13. Kingdom Protista Euglena

  14. Red Algae Kingdom Protista

  15. Kingdom Protista Volvox – multicellular colony

  16. Kingdom Protista Ameba

  17. Paramecium Kingdom Protista

  18. Kingdom Fungi

  19. Kingdom Fungi

  20. 1.1 The 6 Themes in Biology • Structure & Function • Maintaining a Balance (Homeostasis) • Reproduction & Inheritance • Evolution • Interdependence of Organisms (Ecology) • Matter, Energy, and Organization

  21. 1. Cell Structure & Function • The cell is the ? • Basic unit of life • Organisms can be one-celled • Unicellular • Or made up of one or more cells • Multicellular

  22. Differentiation • The process when an undifferentiated embryonic cell becomes specialized to do a function such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. • Cells become different from each other as they multiply and specialize in their function told to them by their: • DNA

  23. 2. Stability & Homeostasis • Homeostasis – stable level of: • Internal conditions

  24. 3. Reproduction & Inheritance • All organisms produce new organisms by: • Reproduction • Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring • Hereditary information: • DNA

  25. Gene • Short segment of DNA that contains instructions for development of a: • single trait • Made up of 3 ? • Nucleotides (building blocks of DNA)

  26. 4. Evolution of Life • Populations of organisms EVOLVE, or CHANGE over generations (TIME).  The "Theory of Evolution" helps us to understand how many kinds of organisms that have lived on Earth came into existence.

  27. Scientist suggest that a process called NATURAL SELECTION is the most important driving force in Evolution – Organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to successfully reproduce – SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.

  28. The survival of organisms with favorable traits causes a gradual change in populations of organisms over many generations. POPULATIONS CHANGE, NOT INDIVIDUALS

  29. Changes over time that gave us the modern day horse, this occurred over 57 million years.

  30. Adaptive Trait A trait that gives the individual an advantage in survival or reproduction, under a given set of circumstances

  31. Adaptation

  32. Structure Has to do with Function Bone Flight Neuron Mitochondrion

  33. 5. Interdependencies Among Organisms Producers Make their own food AUTOTROPHS Consumers Depend on energy stored in tissues of producers HETEROTROPHS Decomposers Break down remains and wastes

  34. Energy Flow • Usually starts with energy from the:

  35. Producers capture, convert, and use or store some energy from the sun. PRODUCERS NUTRIENT CYCLING CONSUMERS,DECOMPOSERS ONE-WAY FLOW OF ENERGY Energy gets transferred from one organism to another; in time, all flows back to the environment. Fig. 1.6, p. 7

  36. 6. Matter, Energy, and Organization • Living things are highly ORGANIZED, • Made up of MATTER • that are maintained by a constant supply of ? ENERGY

  37. 1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS • All living things must have……… ?

  38. How do you know smthg is LIVING? THE SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE: • Made up of 1 or more CELLS • Has ORGANIZATION 3. USES ENERGY or metabolism 4. Maintains HOMEOSTASIS 5. GROWS 6. Can REPRODUCE + Responds to a stimulus + Evolved from smthg – change through time + Must Die + Has DNA

  39. 1. BASIC UNIT OF LIFE – THE CELL • A cell is the smallest unit having the capacity to and (and then die) live reproduce

  40. 2. Organization – living things HAVE organization and ARE organized • All things are made up of the same units of matter: • atoms  elements molecules

  41. Levels of Organization Multicellular Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Cell tissue organ organ system

More Related