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Multiflora rose

Multiflora rose. Starting in1866 used as rootstock for ornamental roses. Beginning in the 1930s, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service promoted it for use in erosion control and as "living fences" . Japanese Barberry. Oriental bittersweet. What’s the problem?.

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Multiflora rose

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  1. Multiflora rose • Starting in1866 used as rootstock for ornamental roses. Beginning in the 1930s, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service promoted it for use in erosion control and as "living fences"

  2. Japanese Barberry

  3. Oriental bittersweet

  4. What’s the problem? • More than 30 percent of New England’s flora is exotic (by species) • Control is mostly aimed at slowing the spread of invasive plants • Second only to habitat loss as a cause of species decline and extinction

  5. What’s the problem? • Approximately 190 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 258 species of native plants are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts.

  6. Endangered/Threatened Species in Amherst • Town Taxonomic GroupScientific NameCommon NameState RankFederal RankMost Recent ObsAMHERST*FishNotropis bifrenatusBridle ShinerSC 1996AMHERST AmphibianAmbystoma lateraleBlue-Spotted SalamanderSC 18--AMHERST*AmphibianHemidactylium scutatumFour-Toed SalamanderSC 1993AMHERST ReptileCarphophis amoenusEastern Worm SnakeT 18--AMHERST*ReptileClemmys guttataSpotted TurtleSC 1999AMHERST*ReptileClemmys insculptaWood TurtleSC 1996AMHERST*ReptileTerrapene carolinaEastern Box TurtleSC 1990AMHERST BirdAccipiter striatusSharp-Shinned HawkSC(PS)1970AMHERST BirdAmmodramus henslowiiHenslow's SparrowE 1906AMHERST BirdBartramia longicaudaUpland SandpiperE 1906AMHERST BirdCircus cyaneusNorthern HarrierT 1906AMHERST BirdFalco peregrinusPeregrine FalconE(PS:LE)1935AMHERST BirdPodilymbus podicepsPied-Billed GrebeE 1956AMHERST*MusselAlasmidonta heterodonDwarf WedgemusselELE1984AMHERST*MusselAlasmidonta undulataTriangle FloaterSC 1994AMHERST MusselLigumia nasutaEastern PondmusselSC 1975AMHERST MusselStrophitus undulatusCreeperSC 1974AMHERST Dragonfly/DamselflyGomphus ventricosusSkillet ClubtailSC 1917AMHERST Dragonfly/DamselflyOphiogomphus aspersusBrook SnaketailSC 1921AMHERST Dragonfly/DamselflyStylurus amnicolaRiverine ClubtailE 1921AMHERST*Dragonfly/DamselflyStylurus scudderiZebra ClubtailE 1995AMHERST BeetleCicindela purpureaPurple Tiger BeetleSC 1939AMHERST BeetleDesmocerus palliatusElderberry Long-Horned BeetleSC 1950AMHERST Butterfly/MothApodrepanulatrix liberariaNew Jersey Tea InchwormE 1934AMHERST Butterfly/MothCingilia catenariaChain Dot GeometerSC 1977AMHERST Butterfly/MothEacles imperialisImperial MothT 1905AMHERST*Vascular PlantAcer nigrumBlack MapleSC 1989AMHERST Vascular PlantAdlumia fungosaClimbing FumitoryT 1874AMHERST Vascular PlantAplectrum hyemalePutty-RootE 1873AMHERST*Vascular PlantArabis missouriensisGreen Rock-CressT 1999AMHERST Vascular PlantArisaema dracontiumGreen DragonT 1870AMHERST Vascular PlantBlephilia ciliataDowny Wood-MintE 1881AMHERST*Vascular PlantCarex backiiBack's SedgeE 2001AMHERST*Vascular PlantCarex grayiGray's SedgeT 1999AMHERST Vascular PlantCarex tuckermaniiTuckerman's SedgeE 1950AMHERST Vascular PlantCerastium nutansNodding ChickweedE 1914AMHERST*Vascular PlantClaytonia virginicaNarrow-Leaved Spring BeautyE 1999AMHERST*Vascular PlantClematis occidentalisPurple ClematisSC 1999AMHERST Vascular PlantEriophorum gracileSlender CottongrassT 1873AMHERST Vascular PlantGoodyera repensDwarf Rattlesnake-PlantainE 1927AMHERST*Vascular PlantHuperzia selagoMountain FirmossE 1995AMHERST Vascular PlantHypericum ascyronGiant St. John's-WortE 1871AMHERST Vascular PlantLiatris borealisNew England Blazing StarSC 1930AMHERST*Vascular PlantLygodium palmatumClimbing FernSC 1999AMHERST Vascular PlantMalaxis brachypodaWhite Adder's-MouthE 1881AMHERST Vascular PlantMimulus alatusWinged Monkey-FlowerE 1913AMHERST Vascular PlantMinuartia michauxiiMichaux's SandwortT 1903AMHERST*Vascular PlantMorus rubraRed MulberryE 2000AMHERST*Vascular PlantOphioglossum pusillumAdder's-Tongue FernT 1997AMHERST Vascular PlantPenstemon hirsutusHairy BeardtongueE  AMHERST Vascular PlantPetasites frigidus var palmatusSweet ColtsfootE 1911AMHERST Vascular PlantPodostemum ceratophyllumThreadfootSC 1874AMHERST*Vascular PlantQuercus macrocarpaMossy-Cup OakSC 1986AMHERST Vascular PlantRanunculus pensylvanicusBristly ButtercupT 1910AMHERST Vascular PlantSanicula odorataLong-Styled SanicleT 1903AMHERST*Vascular PlantScheuchzeria palustrisPod-GrassE 1995AMHERST Vascular PlantScleria triglomerataTall Nut-SedgeE  AMHERST Vascular PlantSenna hebecarpaWild SennaE  AMHERST Vascular PlantSolidago macrophyllaLarge-Leaved GoldenrodT 1942AMHERST*Vascular PlantVerbena simplexNarrow-Leaved VervainE 2000AMHERST*Vascular PlantVeronicastrum virginicumCulver's-RootT 1998

  7. Prohibited/Noxious Weed Seed Law •  ""Prohibited noxious-weed seeds'', seeds or perennial weeds which not only reproduce by seed, but also spread by underground roots or stems and other reproductive parts and which, when established, are highly destructive and difficult to control by ordinary good cultural practice, including the seed of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), and quack grass (Agropyron repens). •   ""Restricted noxious-weed seeds'', seeds of such weeds as are very objectionable in fields, lawns or gardens, but which can be controlled by good cultural practice; including the seeds of dodder (Cuscuta spp.), horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), wild mustards (Brassica spp.), limited to India mustard (B. juncea), charlock or wild mustard B. Kaber (B. arvensis), and black mustard (B. nigra), wild garlic and wild onion (Allium spp.), perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis), corncockle (Agrostemma githago), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), bedstraw (Galium spp.) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua).

  8. European buckthorns

  9. Japanese knotweed

  10. Japanese honeysuckle

  11. Gypsy moth

  12. Entomologist Joseph Elkington at UMass Gypsy moth control

  13. Asian longhorned beetle

  14. Leidy's Comb Jelly vs carp

  15. Melaleuca vs pond apple

  16. Fire Tree Morella faya • NATIVE RANGE: Azores, Madeira, and the Canary islands • The ONLY plant whose invasive ability is understood.

  17. No easy solutions here • Cats kill two million birds per year in MA • Fish stocking alters native gene pool • Domestic ducks and geese interbreed with wild birds • Red fox in MA are of European descent and have displaced the native gray fox

  18. Deep Ecology • Norwegian philosopher, Arnie Naess, 1972 • Anthropocentrism - human-centeredness - is misguided. • Don't do certain things that damage the planet, just as you shouldn't cut off your own finger.

  19. Big Picture • Unprecedented scale • Unprecedented rate • Climate change will accelerate • International law never adequate • International law weakened by GATT

  20. Takings Law:"... nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation." With these few words, the framers of the United States Constitution enshrined in the Fifth Amendment one of the most fundamental of individual rights -- to own property free of the threat of seizure by government, unless the government pays for it. This basic property right was derived from 17th and 18th Century English legal tradition that prohibited the king from taking a subject's property except by a duly enacted law of the land and with full indemnification.

  21. My take • Plant invasions are allowed in MA to the extent that land is not really useful to people • Nature is not stable • Forget diversity=stability idea • On my land: I’d use glyphosate or fire

  22. UMass’s own invasion:AmurCorktree

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