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Collaboration and Group Work

Collaboration and Group Work. Jeannie Yuhaniak Dental Informatics University of Pittsburgh. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Outline. Introduction / Background Mandviwall & Olfman Paper Sociological Aspects of Groups Collaborations and Dentistry Barriers to Collaboration

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Collaboration and Group Work

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  1. Collaboration and Group Work Jeannie Yuhaniak Dental Informatics University of Pittsburgh Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

  2. Outline • Introduction / Background • Mandviwall & Olfman Paper • Sociological Aspects of Groups • Collaborations and Dentistry • Barriers to Collaboration • Future Research • In-class Assignment

  3. What is Collaboration? • Communication, knowledge-sharing, and knowledge dissemination • Face-to-face interactions, group meetings, individual action, and hands-on experimentation Kouzes, R., Myers, J., Wulf, W. Collaboratories: Doing Science on the Internet. Computer. 29:40-46. 1996

  4. What is a Collaboratory? “…center(s) without walls, in which the nation’s researchers can perform their research without regard to geographical location – interacting with colleagues, accessing instrumentation, sharing data and computational resource, and accessing information in digital libraries” • William Wulf, 1989 Kouzes, R., Myers, J., Wulf, W. Collaboratories: Doing Science on the Internet. Computer. 29:40-46. 1996

  5. Figure from Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L. What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction: 1(3):245-268. 1994.

  6. Timeline of Clinical Collaboration Collaboratory for Microscopic Digital Anatomy - scientist sharing computer-controlled electron microscope William Wulf coined the phrase "collaboratory," 1989 NYU Oral Cancer RAAHP Center Project Started 1998 2001 1996 2000 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research recognized that the dental and craniofacial research community must increase its capability for collaborative research 1967 The very first telemedicine system was implemented by a radiologist 1991 National Collaboratory Program was legislated to build infrastructure supporting scientific research Intermed Collaboratory established as partnership among several leading medical informatics laboratories Rinde E, Balteskard L. Is there a future for telemedicine? Lancet;359(9322):1957.2002 Schleyer, T. Collaboratories: Leveraging Information Technology for Cooperative Research. J Dent Res 80(6)1508-15012. 2001

  7. Types of Collaboratories • Web-based (workspaces, conferencing) • Internet discussion lists • Email • Chat • Phone • Video conferencing • Screen Sharing Applications

  8. Must Support: Knowledge management Knowledge creation Knowledge sharing Must Consider: Autonomy Trust Sense of place Attention to ritual Collaboratory Software Groupware Kouzes, R., Myers, J., Wulf, W. Collaboratories: Doing Science on the Internet. Computer. 29:40-46. 1996

  9. What do Groups Need?Mandviwall & Olfman Paper • Multidisciplinary literature analysis was conducted to identify important work group characteristics • Article proposes a set of generic groupware design requirements based on this analysis Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L. What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction: 1(3):245-268. 1994.

  10. Why Discuss This Study?Mandviwall & Olfman Paper Overall analysis of the sociological/psychological aspects of groups paired with their technological significance Bighorn Sheep, Yellowstone National Park0

  11. MethodsMandviwall & Olfman Paper 1. Comprehensive Literature review of common problems of Groupware 2. Review of literature to increase understanding of work groups Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park

  12. Results of Work Group Literature ReviewMandviwall & Olfman Paper As Groups perform their tasks they are delineated by context, time, behavioral characteristics, use of interaction methods, and work habits. Since groups vary across so many factors their specific needs are unpredictable. Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L. What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction: 1(3):245-268. 1994.

  13. Resulting Design Suggestions Mandviwall & Olfman Paper Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L. What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction: 1(3):245-268. 1994.

  14. Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L. What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements. ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction: 1(3):245-268. 1994.

  15. Other Sociological Findings • It is not worth participating unless a sizeable group are already participating (Metcalfe's law) • People will stop using a system if participation falls below a certain level (party example) • Just knowing others are doing work has dramatic affect Activity indicators Ackerman, M., Starr, B. Social Activity Indicators for Groupware. Computer. 29: 37-42. 1996

  16. Other Sociological Findings • Finding and vilifying external enemies • Religious admiration (Tolkein example) Find Commonalities Have Policies Shirky, C. A Group is its own worst enemy. Speech at ETech. April 2003

  17. Collaboratories in DentistryPreliminary Data * : Chairside computer use among general dentists • 45% Dentists practice alone • 92% Have internet access in their offices • 42% Use email for clinical purposes • 84% Think it would be useful to have a National Health Information Infrastructure to exchange patient information * N = 102

  18. Preliminary Data: Chairside computer use among general dentists • Share information with Hygienist, Assistant, Front Desk & Patients • Share information with other colleagues dental suppliers, laboratories, & insurance companies

  19. Why we need Collaborations in Dentistry • Research • Single practices communicating with each other • Education • National Databases (Patient Data)

  20. Collaborations in Dentistry ADA’s Perspective ADA, Future of Dentistry—Today’s Vision: Tomorrow’s Reality. http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/topics/futuredent/future_preface.pdf “Dental schools should explore regionalization in dental education in which dental schools collaborate to reduce costs and enhance quality in dental education.”

  21. Dental Technologies • Teledentistry for clinical consultations • Videoconferencing for education & professional collaboration • Web for information dissemination to patients & remote clinicians • Digital Image Databases • Patient Information Databases for research

  22. Barriers to Collaboration • Convincing people to use it • Finding the right tools – groupware • “Creating a system that fully satisfies each requirement is not practical” - Mandviwalla, M., Olfman, L • Supporting the • development of the • group

  23. Future ResearchDental Collaboratories • Studies of Dental Collaborations • Studies of Groupware used in Dentistry • RAAHP Study

  24. In-Class Assignment Assessing Your Collaboration: A Self Evaluation Tool. • Center for Biomedical Informatics • ADA • RAAHP • University of Pittsburgh Aruba Borden, L., Perkins, D. Assessing Your Collaboration: A Self Evaluation Tool. Journal of Extension. 37(2). 1999.

  25. Thank You Questions or Comments? Jeannie Yuhaniak Collaboratory Manager Center for Dental Informatics University of Pittsburgh 412.383.9081 jeannie@dental.pitt.edu

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