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Spain's American Empire: Conquest, Colonies, and Consequences

This chapter explores Spain's conquest and colonization of the Americas, focusing on the expeditions of Columbus, other explorers, the role of Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, and the effects of Spanish conquest. It examines the establishment of colonies, the encomienda system, the impact on native populations, and the role of African slaves.

Mercy
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Spain's American Empire: Conquest, Colonies, and Consequences

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  1. Chapter 4.1 Spain Builds an American Empire

  2. Columbus • Columbus lands in Caribbean; claims land for Spain • Looking for gold – finding none on San Salvador goes to other islands; claims all visited islands for Spain • Spain wants to build colonies • Colonies = lands controlled by another nation

  3. Other explorers • Cabral reaches Brazil • Vespucci discovers new land not part of Asia, but a new continent • America named in honor of his discovery • Magellan 1st to sail around the earth • Dies in Philippines

  4. Hernando Cortes • Conquistador = conqueror • Lands in Mexico – claims land for Spain • Reaches Tenochititlan – Aztec capital • Montezuma believes Cortes is a god from Aztec legend • Agrees to give Cortes some of their gold

  5. Hernando Cortes • Aztecs try to remove Cortes • Spanish win • Better weapons and armor • Other local tribes hate Aztecs & help • European diseases greatly help defeat Aztecs • Natives had never been exposed, so no immunity

  6. Effects of Small Pox

  7. Francisco Pizarro • Francisco Pizarro explores Peru (Incan empire) • Ambushes Atahualpa (Incan leader) • Atahualpa promises gold and silver for his return – Spanish get it and the kill him

  8. Effects of Spanish conquest • Spanish settlers (peninsulares) come to Americas – mostly men • Mestizo = category of children with Spanish fathers and native mothers • Encomienda system • Natives farmed, ranched, or mined land for Spanish landlords • Natives were promised fair treatment – did not happen often

  9. Effects of Spanish Conquest • Spanish explorers move north • Ponce de Leon in Florida • Coronado in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas • Little gold found in SW United States, so priests sent to colonize

  10. Encomienda system ends • Priests object to encomienda system • Africans replace natives – more advantageous • Don’t know the territory • Can’t speak the language • Easily identifiable • Have no allies

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