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Reading FocusWhat problems did leaders face in the late Roman Republic?How did Rome become an empire?What helped tie the Roman empire together during the Pax Romana?. Main IdeaGovernmental and social problems led to the end of the Roman Republic and the creation of a new form of government.. From Republic to Empire.
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Main Idea / Reading Focus
Problems in the Late Republic
Rome Becomes an Empire
Map: The Roman Empire
The Pax Romana
4. 107 BC, social unrest reached new level
General Gaius Marius elected consul
Eliminated property restrictions
Accepted anyone who wanted to join army
Armies, private forces devoted to general
Poor hoped to share plunder at end of war
Ruthless generals realized loyalty of troops could be used as political tool
12. Empire grew tremendously under Good Emperors
Reached limits of expansion under Trajan
Added what are now Romania, Armenia, Mesopotamia, and the Sinai Peninsula
Successor Hadrian thought empire too large
Withdrew from almost all eastern additions
Built defensive fortifications to guard against invasions
Built wall 73 miles long in northern Britain