Electrical Basics Team 2177

2. Tools of the Trade Wire (8, 12, 14, 18, 24 gauge) Wire Stripper Wire Cutters Pliers Soldering iron/gun Solder Connectors Crimper Multimeter Heat Shrink Heat gun Screw drivers Zip ties Allen Wrenches (optional�mounting purposes) For the season there is going to be some tools you will use repetitively here is a list of them: Wire gauges 8, 12, 14, 18, and 24, Wire stripper, wire cutters, pliers, soldering Iron and gun, connecters, crimper, multimeter, heat shrink, heat gun, screw drivers, zip ties, and allen wrenches. Knowing these tools and how to use them will help make your season less stressful.For the season there is going to be some tools you will use repetitively here is a list of them: Wire gauges 8, 12, 14, 18, and 24, Wire stripper, wire cutters, pliers, soldering Iron and gun, connecters, crimper, multimeter, heat shrink, heat gun, screw drivers, zip ties, and allen wrenches. Knowing these tools and how to use them will help make your season less stressful.

3. Wire Basics The smaller the wire gauge number, the larger the diameter Ex: 8 gauge wire is larger than 14 gauge Wire Cutters�cuts wires to length Wire Stripper�takes insulation off wires

4. Soldering Connects wires to any other metal surface (i.e. wire, connectors, etc.) Stronger connection than crimping

5. Connectors Connects wires to other wires, components, etc. Ring Spade Female PWM Not permanent Crimper�used to connect to wires Another important way to connect wire to other components less permanent than solder are connectors. The four main types of connectors are ring, spade, female, and PWM. Ring, a full circle that slides over something and is screwed down. A spade connector, similar to the ring connector in that it is screwed down, but the screw only needs to be partially taken out because it has two sides. A female connector, gets plugged in to another component. The first three types all have the wire crimped into the connector and then soldered into place. The last type of connector is the PWM it uses pins placed inside of itself and is then plugged into a component. PWM (Pulse With Modulation)Another important way to connect wire to other components less permanent than solder are connectors. The four main types of connectors are ring, spade, female, and PWM. Ring, a full circle that slides over something and is screwed down. A spade connector, similar to the ring connector in that it is screwed down, but the screw only needs to be partially taken out because it has two sides. A female connector, gets plugged in to another component. The first three types all have the wire crimped into the connector and then soldered into place. The last type of connector is the PWM it uses pins placed inside of itself and is then plugged into a component. PWM (Pulse With Modulation)

6. Digital Multimeter Used to measure current, resistance, etc.

7. Heat Shrink and Heat Gun Covers bare wire The heat shrink slips over the wire (before soldering) After solder has cooled, move the heat shrink over the solder connection and shrink with the heat gun

8. Screw Drivers and Allen Wrenches Flathead Phillips Allen Wrenches

9. Kit of Parts (KoP) Battery 120amp Circuit Breaker Power Distribution Board Jaguar Spike (Relay) Victor Energy Chain cRIO Digital Sidecar Servo Camera Radio

10. Battery If dropped, dead Don't pick up by the wires Don't use a charger more than 6 amps Easy access 8 gauge wire Connect wire with ring connectors The Battery is one of the most important parts of the robot because without it the robot wouldn�t be powered. Some important tips while handling the battery are: if the battery is dropped, it�s dead, don�t hold the battery by the wires, don�t use a charger more than 6 amps, have the battery at an easily accessible part on the robot, use 8 gauge wire to connect the battery, and finally make sure to use ring connectors. Make sure to keep good care of the battery so it can have a long life. The Battery is one of the most important parts of the robot because without it the robot wouldn�t be powered. Some important tips while handling the battery are: if the battery is dropped, it�s dead, don�t hold the battery by the wires, don�t use a charger more than 6 amps, have the battery at an easily accessible part on the robot, use 8 gauge wire to connect the battery, and finally make sure to use ring connectors. Make sure to keep good care of the battery so it can have a long life.

11. 120 Amp Circuit Breaker 8 gauge wire Ring connectors (must be able to withstand power current) Power wire (Red) Squeeze the black switch to turn on Push the red button to turn off

12. Power Distribution Board

13. Power Distribution Board

14. Jaguar Either PWM or CAN Interface Can be connected to 20, 30, or 40 Amp circuit breakers Connects to motor for varying speeds Can be used in series (CAN Interface) Red/black for power input, white/green for motor output

15. CAN Interface (Black vs. Gray Jaguars) Using CAN: First jaguar = black Next = black or gray First and last have terminators Input into first jaguar = 8 pin DB connector from cRIO Advantage to CAN Interface = use of limit switches and rotary encoders

16. Spike Also called �relay� 18 gauge wire, connected to 20amp power distribution board PWM connection (�on� or �off�)

17. Victor Muffin Fan on top � Can connect to 20 Amp circuit breaker OR to the input terminals Can connect to 20, 30, or 40 AMP circuit breaker PWM controlled Connects to motor

18. Energy Chain Used to protect wires attached to moving parts Only bends in one direction

19. cRIO DB37 Extension Cable connects cRIO to the digital sidecar Code goes into cRIO Controls the electronics

20. Digital Sidecar Used for most digital inputs and outputs PWMs on right for speed controllers/servos Relays on the left for Spikes 14 GPIO on left PWM connections

21. Servo Set to an angle�will manipulate within certain angles Release mechanism

22. Camera Wire wiggles out (hot glue) Intermediate power source

23. Radio Set up-- power cord positive to tip http://usfirst.org/roboticsprograms/frc/content.aspx?id=10934

24. Mounting Tips Do not mount components to metal (can short the board) Wood, plexiglass, plastic, etc. (non-conductive materials) Use screws

25. Organization Components close to their connections Power wires as short as possible (keep enough length) Plan out your board ahead of time LABEL everything! Motors, components, inputs, outputs, wires Keep connectors organized

26. Safety Safety glasses, gloves, proper clothing Use non-lead-based solder or wear a mask Don't touch electrical components when turned on. No bare wires Fire extinguisher During the season it is important to make sure safety is the number one priority! That means to wear proper clothing at all times no loose articles or things that could get in the way or caught on while working. When soldering make sure the solder is non-lead-based or if it is that a mask is worn at all times. It is a good idea to have a fan going too so the person soldering doesn�t get lightheaded from inhaling the fumes. When the electrical components are turned on No hands go near the electrical parts. All bare wires should be covered by electrical tape or shrink rap to avoid shorting the robot. Lastly make sure a fire extinguisher is present at all times in case in something were to catch on fire. During the season it is important to make sure safety is the number one priority! That means to wear proper clothing at all times no loose articles or things that could get in the way or caught on while working. When soldering make sure the solder is non-lead-based or if it is that a mask is worn at all times. It is a good idea to have a fan going too so the person soldering doesn�t get lightheaded from inhaling the fumes. When the electrical components are turned on No hands go near the electrical parts. All bare wires should be covered by electrical tape or shrink rap to avoid shorting the robot. Lastly make sure a fire extinguisher is present at all times in case in something were to catch on fire.

27. Electrical Safety Remove battery before working on robot Disconnect components before soldering Allow wires/connectors to cool after soldering! Use heat shrink or electrical tape on all exposed wires Use a multimeter to test battery resistance to frame

28. Additional resources