Diversity of Organisms and Classification

1. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

2. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species

3. Species • The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

4. Five Kingdom System • Bacteria • Protists • Fungi • Animals • Plants

5. Bacteria Kingdom • Unicellular, microscopic • No nucleus • Prokaryotic • No chlorophyll • Saprophytic or parasitic

6. Protist kingdom • Unicellular; microscopic • Nucleus present • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic

7. Fungus kingdom • Eukaryotic • Made up of hyphae • No root, stem and leaf • No chlorophyll • Saprophytic or parasitic • Reproduce by forming spores

8. Animal Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: • Invertebrates : without backbone • Vertebrates : with backbone

9. Invertebrate Coelenterates • 2 layers of cells • Have tentacles with • sting cells • One opening

10. Flatworm • Long and flattened body • Free living or parasitic

11. Ringed worms • Long and segmented body • Have chaetae for locomotion

12. Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites

13. Molluscs • Soft and unsegmented body • Covered by a hard shell

14. Echinoderms • Marine animals with 5-radial plan body • Have external spines

15. Arthropods • Segmented body • Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs • of jointed legs • Divided into 4 classes • Crustaceans • Arachnids • Myriapods • Insects

16. Crustaceans

17. Arachnids

18. Myriapods

19. Insects

20. Vertebrates • Divided into 5 groups: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

21. Fish • Aquatic • Cold-blooded • Body covered with wet and slimy scales • Streamline body for easy movement through water • Fins for balance and to control movement • Gills for breathing • External fertilization

22. Amphibians • Cold-blooded • Moist, scaleless skin • Limbs present • tetrapods • Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs • External fertilization

23. Reptiles • Cold-blooded • Body covered with dry, hard scales • Live on land • Breathe with lungs • Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

24. Birds • Warm-blooded • With feathers and wings • Beak for feeding • Lungs for breathing • Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

25. Mammals • Warm-blooded • Hairs on skin • Females have mammary glands for producing milk • Lungs for breathing • Diaphragm present • Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

26. Plant Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis • Autotrophic • Can be divided into two groups: • Non-flowering plants • Flowering plants

27. Non-flowering plants • 4 groups: • Algae • Mosses • Ferns • Gymnosperms

28. Algae • Aquatic • May be unicellular or multicellular • No root, stem or leaf • Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

29. Mosses • With simple leaves and stems • No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water • Reproduce by spores • No vascular tissues • Found in damp area

30. Ferns • With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues • Reproduce by spores • Live in damp places

31. Gymnosperms • Reproduction by producing seeds • Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits  naked seeds • Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

32. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) • With flowers for reproduction • Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

33. Two groups of flowering plants Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Cotyledons Two One Leaf venation Netted Parallel Root system Tap root system Fibrous root system