Diversity of Organisms and Classification

Diversity of Organisms and Classification

Six Kingdom System • Archaea • Eubacteria • Protists • Fungi • Animals • Plants

Archaea & Eubacteria • Unicellular, microscopic • Prokaryotic- No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Some are Photosynthetic • Autotrophs • Ex. cyanobacteria, • Saprophytic or parasitic • Heterorophs • Saprophytic: feed on dead substances • Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms

Protists- 2 Kinds Protozoa • Unicellular; microscopic • No cell wall • Nucleus present • Eukaryotic – complex cells • Autotrophic = makes its own food Heterotrophic = must go get its food Algae- the only ones with cell walls, some multicellular; all photosynthetic

Fungi • Eukaryotic • Made up of hyphae- slender threads • Mycelium: a mass of hyphae • No root, stem and leaf • No chlorophyll • Saprophytic or parasitic • Reproduce by forming spores • Cell walls made of Chitin

Animals-heterotrophic, have to move to get their food-Multicellular • Eukaryotic – complex cells with nucleus and organelles • Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: • Invertebrates : without backbone • Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrates • Many different body plans! • No backbone • May or may not have an exoskeleton • Includes sponges, echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks, worms, as well as several other type organisms

Invertebrates

Vertebrates • Divided into 5 groups: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

Fish • Aquatic – fresh and salt water • Cold-blooded – 2 chambered heart • Body covered with wet and slimy scales • Streamlined body to move easily through water • Fins for balance and to control movement • Gills for breathing • External fertilization

Amphibians • Cold-blooded – 3 chambered heart • Moist, scaleless skin • Limbs present • tetrapods • Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs & skin • External fertilization • No claws on toes

Reptiles • Cold-blooded – 3 or 4 chambered heart • Body covered with dry, hard scales • Live on land • Breathe with lungs • Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs • Claws on toes

Birds • Warm-blooded – 4 chambered heart • Body covered with feathers • 2 wings and 2 feet • Beak for feeding • Lungs & air sacs for breathing • Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs • Claws on toes

Mammals • Warm-blooded – 4 chamber heart • Hair or fur on skin • Females have mammary glands for producing milk • Lungs for breathing • Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies • Give birth to offspring • Claws or nails on toes

Plants • Eukaryotic • Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis • Autotrophic: makes own food • Cell walls • Multicellular • Reproduce by spores or seeds • Transport by vascular tissue- xylem & phloem

xylem - located on the innermost ring of the stem/root; it carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. phloem - located on the outermost ring (of vascular tissue) in the stem/root; it carries dissolved proteins, amino acids, sugars and other complex compounds in any direction. Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.

Diversity of Organisms and Classification