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Diversity of Organisms and Classification

Diversity of Organisms and Classification. DNA Prokaryotic : a cell that lacks a nucleus Eukaryotic : a cell that has a nucleus and other complex structures Feeding Autotrophic : an organism that makes it ’ s own food from solar energy or chemicals

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Diversity of Organisms and Classification

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  1. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

  2. DNA Prokaryotic: a cell that lacks a nucleus Eukaryotic: a cell that has a nucleus and other complex structures Feeding Autotrophic: an organism that makes it’s own food from solar energy or chemicals Heterotrophic: an organism that must eat other organisms to obtain it’s energy . Essential Vocabulary

  3. Kingdom King Phylum / Division Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genus Green Species Soup Classification of Organisms All organisms can be classified and named according to this system; based on shared traits and a common origin

  4. Classification of Bears

  5. Five Kingdom System • Bacteria • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

  6. star fish jellyfish silverfish Finding Order in Diversity • Why Classify? • To study the diversity of life • To organize and name organisms • Why give scientific names? • Common names are misleading None of these animals are fish! Go to Section:

  7. Bacteria Kingdom • Unicellular, microscopic • Motile (Moves) • No nucleus • Prokaryotic • No chlorophyll • Decomposers (Saprophytic) • Sapro “rotten” • Phytic “plants” • Parasitic • E. Coli: food poisoning (deadly) • Normally found in intestines • Beneficial • Lactobacillus: yogurt and cheese

  8. Protist kingdom • Unicellular; microscopic • Nucleus present • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic or heterotrophic • Classified by how they move • Plant like: Phytoplankton • Provide most of worlds oxygen • Animal like: Zooplankton • Their remains are used in cleansers such as toothpaste and comet

  9. Fungus kingdom • Eukaryotic • Non-motile (don’t move) • No root, stem and leaf • No chlorophyll • Decomposers • Saprophytic or parasitic • Reproduce by forming spores • Most are multicellular: mushrooms, bread mold etc.. • Unicellular: yeasts

  10. Plant Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Non-motile (don’t move) • Most plants contains pigments (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis • Autotrophic • Can be divided into two groups: • Non-flowering plants • Flowering plants What about carnivorous plants?

  11. Animal Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: • Invertebrates : without backbone • Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Round worms, Mollusks, Segmented Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms, • Vertebrates : with backbone • Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

  12. Classification Quest Animals are separated into groups or categories so that they are more easily studied and discussed by scientists and others. Use the following slides to fill in the “Classification Quest” Worksheet

  13. Important Invertebrates: Arthropods • Most diverse group of invertebrates • Segmented body • Hard exoskeleton • Several pairs of jointed legs • Divided into 3 groups: • Crustaceans • Arachnids • Insects

  14. Diversity Insects • Body with 3 segments • 6 legs • Moths, Butterflies, Bees, Praying Mantis Arachnids • Body with 2 segments • 8 legs • Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks Crustaceans • 2 antennae • Body with 3 segments • 7 or more pairs of legs • Gills • Aquatic and Land Forms • Lobsters, Rollie Pollies, Shrimp

  15. Vertebrate Groups: • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  16. Fish • Live in water (Aquatic) • Cold-blooded • Body covered with wet and slimy scales • Streamline body for easy movement through water • Fins for balance and to control movement • Gills for breathing, must keep moving to breathe • External fertilization • Most fish lay large numbers of eggs, but some have live birth

  17. Amphibians • Cold-blooded • Moist, scaleless skin • Must stay close to water • Amphibian means "two lives, (metamorphosis) • Limbs present • Tetrapods (walk on four legs) • Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs • External fertilization • Lay eggs in water

  18. Reptiles • Cold-blooded • Body covered with dry, hard scales • Lives on land • Breathe with lungs, and sometimes absorb oxygen though their mouth • Internal fertilization (mating) • Lay shelled eggs ( hard or leathery) • Closely related to birds

  19. Birds • Warm-blooded • With feathers and wings • Have bodies and hollow bones that are adapted for flight • Beak for feeding • Lungs for breathing • Internal fertilization ; lay hard shelled eggs • Live in almost every habitat on earth

  20. Mammals • Warm-blooded • Specialized Teeth based on food preferences • Single Jaw bone • Hair on skin • Females have mammary glands for producing milk • Lungs for breathing with a diaphragm • Internal fertilization • Embryos develop inside mothers body

  21. Mammal Subgroups • Monotremes • egg-laying mammals • duckbilled platypus, echidna • Marsupials • pouched mammals • short-lived placenta • koala, kangaroo, opossum • Placental • true placenta • shrews, bats, whales, humans

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