ame-based Experiential Learning for Road Vehicle Dynamics Education - Kevin Hulme, Senior Research Associate, University

1. Game-based Experiential Learning for Road Vehicle Dynamics Education

4. Modeling & Simulation (M&S) - History/Origins in Training Earliest Vehicle Simulation Trainer •The LINK Trainer (1929)

5. •aka “The Blue Box” •Train pilots to fly by instruments

6. Modeling & Simulation (M&S) - History/Origins in Training

8. Motion-based Simulation – A Brief History

10. 6-DOF Motion-cueing MSL’s SimRING Simulator –Leverages a 6-DOF Moog full motion simulator –Utilizes 360 degree display screen –1080p HD Image Generation

11. –Stereo sound system, haptic controls onboard

12. Rotation

13. M&S Building Blocks

14. Motion & Force Cueing

16. M&S Building Blocks

17. Motion & Force Cueing

19. The MSL Driving Simulator -- Development Framework

20. Motion rendering (O)

23. Simulator Construction – Software Components 1. Input Device Management

24. Simulator Construction – Software Components DirectX/DirectInput – collect command input(s) from the driver for 2. Analysis Engine downstream processing – this data

25. Simulator Construction – Software Components serves as input to our dynamics model, 3. Output – Graphics Engine which then commands the motion platform 4. Output – Sound Management 5. Output – Motion Base API Action mapping – allows assignment of specific actions to the buttons and axes of the input devices; handles force-feedback (e.g., calculated steering wheel torque; wheel-centering)

26. Simulator Construction – Software Components y’(t) = f(t, y(t)), where: y(to) = yo Solved (rapidly) using simple/effective 1st/2nd order numerical methods, as necessary (e.g., Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta) yn+1 = yn + h*f(tn , yn) (for all vehicle states) Milliken & Milliken, 1995

27. Simulator Construction – Software Components Models allow us to adjust key vehicle parameters (e.g., vehicle 1. Input Device Management center-of-gravity, cornering

28. Simulator Construction – Software Components stiffness at each tire) to enable 2. Analysis Engine driver interactivity “on the fly” 3. Output – Graphics Engine 4. Output – Sound Management 5. Output – Motion Base API Analyze vehicle stability with different vehicle settings (e.g., oversteer vs. understeer; front-wheel vs. rear-wheel drive)

29. Simulator Construction – Software Components

30. Simulator Construction – Software Components

31. Simulator Construction – Software Components Texture Mapping

32. Simulator Construction – Software Components Driving events tied directly to vehicle dynamics model:

33. Simulator Construction – Software Components • • • Vehicle ignition, vehicle shutdown Engine idle (~speed, Fx) Squealing tires (~tire slip angles)

34. Simulator Construction – Software Components

36. Education and Training Implementation of Physics-based Modeling as an active learning tool for experiential learning and engaging young- driver training and education

37. MSL – Experiential Learning (RVD)

39. “The Moose Test” experiment Motion Simulator game-based (off-road) experiential learning exercises: The Moose Test evasive maneuver (ISO 3888-2) of a suddenly appearing obstacle More safely performed within a simulator than in an actual field test, particularly with novice drivers Goal: correlate simulator performance – upon an actual vehicle test maneuver - with relevant self-report metrics

40. Hulme & Estes, 2018

41. “The Moose Test” experiment

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45. Game-based Simulation for Vulnerable Driving Populations

47. Laboratory Assessment of Behaviors in Occupational Roles (LABOR)

48. A greater likelihood of being unemployed within workplace settings Perform analysis to quantify

49. LABOR