Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

1. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Achieving the Vision: From VII to IntelliDriveSM

2. Achieving the Vision • Original vision for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII): • Dramatic safety improvements • Promise of revolutionary mobility improvements • Achieved through wireless communication with & between vehicles This vision remains the same!

3. Achieving the Vision – VII • The Original Plan • Infrastructure was a central prerequisite • Nationwide deployment • Extensive number of installations • Why? • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications promised dramatic safety gains • But, it would take 15-20 years for fleet turnover to realize big benefits • Infrastructure deployment thru vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) was a way to get benefits more quickly. • Both V2V and V2I required a DSRC radio @5.9GHz in the vehicle and infrastructure • Safety messages only used part of the bandwidth. Other applications – mobility & convenience – could also be accommodated with the same DSRC radio. • A sound starting point, but: • Would it work technically? • Could it be practically implemented? Proof of Concept (POC) Test

4. Achieving the Vision – VII Proof of Concept • Given the assumptions about VII, the proof of concept test focused on: • Message exchanges using DSRC at 5.9 GHz • Testing of draft DSRC standards • “Stub” (partially developed) applications. Did not build or test full applications • Small number of cars & only cars • V2I-focused because of original assumptions POC proved that the basic technical concept would work. But could it be practically implemented?

5. Achieving the Vision – Could VII Be Practically Implemented? • The Chicken and Egg Problem • Why should Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) invest without the infrastructure? • Without infrastructure, how could benefits be realized quickly? • How could infrastructure be deployed? • About 300,000 Roadside Equipment (RSE) needed nationwide to support all envisioned applications. • Could infrastructure be installed quickly? • Who will be responsible for operations and maintenance of the RSE? • Who would provide the financial investment? • How could thousands of jurisdictions be engaged in deployment? • Three Big Dilemmas • What comes first – vehicles or infrastructure? • How do we get adequate penetration in the vehicle fleet to realize benefits? • How do we deploy the infrastructure?

6. In the Meantime – An Explosion of Wireless Technology • Proliferation of “smartphones” and other personal/mobile computing/communication devices (e.g, Blackberry; iPhone, etc) • Greatly expanded communication capabilities provided by cellular telephone technology (i.e., 3rd Generation or 3G networks supporting text, voice and video data transmission at higher speeds) • Applications capable of providing location-specific information (e.g., GPS-based; cellular-based location services such as shopping, weather, etc) • Data Virtualization – Cloud computing and ubiquitous access • Access to real-time information, search capabilities

7. Same Vision – New Pathways • The vision has not changed – still safety, mobility and convenience through wireless technology • We must determine the optimal pathway (s) to realize the vision

8. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

9. Safety Applications – The Game Changers • Non-impaired • Crashes: • Two scenarios 12% 100 76%

10. Safety Applications: The Game Changers Research Questions • Which comes first – cars or infrastructure? • For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential • Outcome of regulatory assessment may suggest that vehicle installation comes first

11. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

12. Safety Applications: The Game Changers • Research Questions • Which comes first – cars or infrastructure? • For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential • Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first • How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit? • Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities • “Here I Am” messages • Different functionality, and easier to deploy • Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear

13. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

14. Safety Applications: The Game Changers • Research Questions • Which comes first – vehicles or infrastructure? • For V2V applications, NHTSA will assess regulatory potential • Outcome of regulatory assessment may indicate that vehicle installation comes first • How do we get fleet penetration for earlier benefit? • Aftermarket DSRC devices (devices with GPS, cell communication, & power) may offer opportunities • “Here I Am” messages • Different functionality, and easier to deploy • Market potential for aftermarket DSRC devices is not clear • How do we deploy infrastructure? • V2V may not require DSRC wireless connectivity to roadway infrastructure ; Other wireless communication may be sufficient • Infrastructure may become a spot safety application • Signals, curves, other sites • DSRC data can be integrated into mobility applications

15. Same Vision – New Pathways Roadside Equipment to handle non-DSRC communications • Does V2V require DSRC Infrastructure? • If so, how much, where? • If not, what are other infrastructure requirements? Non-DSRC DSRC DSRC

16. Same Vision – New Pathways • What is the effectiveness of signal, phase & timing (SPaT) applications? • Besides SPaT, what are other infrastructure applications? • What are the infrastructure requirements? • How is data integrated for mobility applications? DSRC DSRC

17. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

18. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

19. Technical Issues: Potential Game Changers • Research Questions: • What are the infrastructure requirements for V2V data security? • Is DSRC required to connect vehicles to infrastructure for data security functionality? • Are other communication technologies adequate? • How much and what type of infrastructure is needed for data security? • Is positioning technology adequate? • V2V requires relative positioning; V2I requires absolute positioning • Potential issues between differing GPS manufacturers • Will IntelliDriveSM scale to accommodate all vehicles? • Will DSRC radio channel switching (for safety & non-safety applications) work? Or, will a separate safety radio be required? • Security messages may use significant communication overhead

20. Policy Issues: Evolving Research Needs • Privacy • Governance • Funding • Deployment approach • Data Ownership • Certification • Sustainability, • Risk & Liability

21. Not To Lose Sight of Weather & Environment • Weather and Environmental Applications: • All require data from vehicle systems • May NOT require DSRC - Research Question • Will need to transmit data to infrastructure to a data processing entity • What data? • How frequently? • To whom? • For what use? Research Questions

22. Same Vision – New Pathways OriginalStrategy Evolving Strategy

23. Same Vision – New Pathways

24. Summary – VII to IntelliDriveSM • Vision remains the same • New technology developments & research findings give us new pathways to the same vision • DSRC capabilities are essential for safety (V2V & V2I) • DSRC in aftermarket devices may be a way to accelerate benefits • Non-DSRC data can be used now for mobility • Technical issues remain that could be game changers • DSRC for all uses (safety, mobility, weather and environment) may converge over time • We need to hold the vision as research reveals the optimal pathway