Foundations Of Public Policy Research And Methods - Statswork

1. FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH AND METHODS An Academic presentationby Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Statswork Group www.statswork.com Email:info@statswork.com

2. TODAY'SDISCUSSION Outline ofTopics Introduction Characteristics of Public Policy Features of Public Policy Types of PublicPolicy Models of PolicyMaking Foundation Approaches to PublicPolicy

3. Introduction Public policies can be defined as the decision taken by government in order to achieve certain goals and objectives formulated for the welfare of itspeople. Implementing and formulating the policies decided are based on a properly orientedpattern. In other words the associated government agencies should be able to observe a well defined relation between the policies implemented and formulated in order to decide the course of their activities.

4. Characteristics of PublicPolicy Goal oriented: Thepublicpoliciesdefined by different organizations are formulated on the basis of a certain goal or are planned keeping in mind a particular goal which will be beneficial for the people of thecountry. Public policies indicates the government’s perspective towards existing policies and also leads to framing of new law and orders, ordinancesetc. Another significant characteristic of public policy is that it depicts the interest and concern of government to a scrupulous issue of themasses.

5. Features of PublicPolicy The process of public policy includes different components which are able to communicate with each other and employ different methodsfor communicating with eachother. The public policy involves different activities that are continuously working in astructure. There are different components of policy making, which have their own contribution, values, restrictions or special conditions andissues. This feature of thepolicymakingindicates that the different components of policy making impose their own contribution to the policyformulated. Contd..

6. The process of policy making imposes different guidelines which are to be followed. This feature of policy making presents numerous elements of uncertainty which is actually the basic tone of majority of the policy making processes. Public policies are mostly enabled or formulated by governmental bodies. Under some conditions or for some special parts of the policies the perspective of private organizations is also considered. Undeniably, the public policies are specially designed for achieving the publicinterest.

7. Types of PublicPolicy There are several types of public policy. A snippet of each of them is given as follows: like substantive, regulatory, distributive, redistributiveetc. Substantive: These policies are mostly associated with the welfare and development of the generalmasses. Regulatory: These policies exhibit their association with formulating different policies for trade, business activitiesetc. Distributive: These policies are specially planned for some particular segments of society such as health services, public welfareetc. Redistributive: These policies are actually distributive policies which are redesigned or modified in accordance with social and economicchanges. Contd..

8. Fig 1. Types of PublicPolicy

9. Models of PolicyMaking Group TheoreticModel: A group includes some individuals who possess certain common characteristics and relationship. These groups are classified into different categories such as formal, informaletc. Elite TheoreticalModel: This model suggests that a policy is caused by elites, depicting their values and fulfilling their needs. The model reflects that the society is categorized into few who have power and some who do not havepower. This policy is then put into action bybureaucracy. Contd..

10. Institutionalmodel: This model explains that the public policies are framed and then put into action by institutions. These institutions are not only responsible for deciding how to frame the policies rather they also decide content to be included inpolicy. Rationalmodel: This model rather than deciding the different aspects of policy aims at estimating its efficiency on the basis of benefits and losses caused by it socially, economically andpolitically.

11. Foundation Approaches to PublicPolicy Provide financial support for different public policies which can exhibit better impact of thepolicy. Offer information from numerous sources which can present the views towards existing and upcoming policyissues. Establish strong connectivity between individuals and organizations, thus putting different resources and skills fostering discussion on various policy issues. Establish reputation as promising policymakers.

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