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POLLUTION Submitted by – Parwinderkaur
I will bediscussing…. • Definition. • Types OfPollution. • Causes. • Effects. • Measures. • Statisticaldata.
Definition • Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change, in the form of killing of life ,toxicity of environment , damage to ecosystem and aesthetics of our surrounding.
Definition(contd) • An unwanted change in the environment which involves the physical, biological and chemical changes involving air, water and land which affects the human life in oneway or theother”. • Pollution has become a serious issue after World War II in developing countries due to unchecked rapid industrialization. Pollutionis the root cause of many diseases that kill and disable livingorganisms.
Types • AirPollution. • WaterPollution. • NoisePollution. • Littering (spilling of oils inoceans) • Soil contamination (by lead, heavymetals) • Radioactivecontamination. • Thermalpollution. • VisualPollution.
AirPollution • Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.
Sources Of AirPollution • Household combustiondevices. • Motorvehicles. • Industrial facilities. • Forestfires
Pollutants causingAir Pollution…… • Include particulatematter. • Carbonmonoxide. • Ozone. • Nitrogen dioxide. • Sulfurdioxide
How to controlair pollution? • Maintaining a healthy distance betweenthe industrial and residentialareas. • The chimneys should be constructed tall in size so that the emissions must be released higher up in theenvironment • The sulphur must be removed afterburning. • The gasoline must have antiknocking agents.. • The mining area should be planted withtrees.
How to control airpollution? • The coal fuel should be replaced withgas fuel to control the airpollution. • The automobiles must be designed with emission controlsystem. • The wastes must be removed andrecycled in the industrial plants andrefineries. • Plants like pine and ribes need to be planted to metabolize the nitrogenoxides and otherpollutants.
How to controlair pollution? • Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and also minimizesfuel exhaustion • Using public transportation helps to prevent the airpollution • Using alternative energy sources like solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind energy
WaterPollution… • Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers,oceans, aquifers andgroundwater). • Water pollution occurs when pollutantsare discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmfulcompounds. • .
WaterPollution… • Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies ofwater. In almost all cases the effect isdamaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biologicalcommunities
PollutedWater… • Domesticsewage. • Industrialwastewater. • Agriculturalwastewater. • Construction sitestormwater. • Urban runoff(stormwater).
WaterPollutants…. • Petroleumhydrocarbons • Plastics • Pesticides • Heavymetals • Sewage • Radioactivewaste • Thermaleffluents
WaterPollutants… • Detergents • Chloroform • Food processing waste, (fats andgrease) • Insecticides andherbicides. • Petroleum hydrocarbons, (gasoline,diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fueloil). • Lubricants (motoroil). • From stormwaterrunoff.
PreventingWater Pollution… • Conserve water by turning off thetap. • Mind what you throw down your sink ortoilet. • Don’t throw paints and oils in waterchannels. • Use environment friendly household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agentsetc. • Take great care not to overuse pesticidesand fertilizers. • Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearbydustbin.
Treating PollutedWater... • Suspended, solid particles andinorganic material can be removed by the use of filters. • Use of biological filters and processescan naturally degrade the organic waste material. • After above two steps chemicaladditives are supplied to get rid of any left-over impurities.
LightPollution • Light pollution, also known as photo pollution or luminous pollution, is excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial light. Pollution is the adding- of/added light itself, in analogy toadded sound, carbon dioxide,etc.
Light pollutionCauses.. • Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light. • Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoorenvironment. • Due to Indoor light pollution humanhealth iscompromised.
Controlling LightPollution.. • Excessive lighting should beavoided. • ForLighting an applicable designshould befollowed. • Light engineering should be appliedfor streets.
NoisePollution • Noise pollution is displeasing orexcessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animallife. • Noise means disgust or discomforthearing fromenvironment.
Sources ofNoise Pollution… • Machines. • Transportationsystems. • Motorvehicles. • Aircrafts. • Trains. • Poor urbanplanning.
Effects of NoisePollution • Noise pollution affects both health andbehavior. • Unwanted sound (noise) candamage psychologicalhealth. • Noise pollution cancause • Annoyance • Aggression. • Hypertension. • High stress levels. • Hearing loss. • sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.
Effects of NoisePollution • Chronic exposure to noise maycause noise-induced hearingloss. • Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstrate significantly reduced hearingsensitivity than their non-exposedpeers.
SoilPollution.. • Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soilenvironment. • It is typically causedby • industrialactivity. • agriculturalchemicals. • improper disposal ofwaste.
SoilContaminating Chemicals….. • Petroleumhydrocarbons. • Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Pesticides • Lead and Other heavymetals.
How to controlsoil pollution? • Limit the use of fertilizers andpesticides • Awareness about biological controlmethods and theirimplementation • The grazing must be controlled and forest management should be doneproperly • The afforestation and reforestation must take place • Proper preventive methods like shieldsshould be used in areas of wind erosion and wind breaks
How to controlsoil pollution? • Treating Wastes ofindustries. • Treating nuclearwaste. • Proper disposing of plastics andother garbagematerials.
Air Pollution dohave…. • Healtheffects • Effects on cardiovascularhealth • Effects on breathing(asthma). • Links tocancer • Effects onchildren • Health effects in relatively "clean"areas
