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Chapter 9 Crime and Criminal Justice

Chapter 9 Crime and Criminal Justice. Key Terms. Crime A type of deviant behavior that violates specific criminal laws. Criminology The study of crime from a scientific perspective.

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Chapter 9 Crime and Criminal Justice

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  1. Chapter 9 Crime and Criminal Justice Key Terms

  2. CrimeA type of deviant behavior that violates specific criminal laws. CriminologyThe study of crime from a scientific perspective.

  3. Index crimesIncludes the violent crimes of murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault plus property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Personal crimesViolent or nonviolent crimes directed against people.

  4. Property crimesInvolve theft or change of property, without threat of bodily harm. Victimless crimesCrimes that violate laws but are not listed in the FBI’s serious crime index. These include the illicit activities of gambling, illegal drug use, and prostitution, in which there is no complainant.

  5. Hate crimesAssaults and other malicious acts (including crimes against property) motivated by various forms of bias, including but not limited to those based on race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnic or national origin, or disability. Elite crimeCriminal activities by persons of high social status who commit their crimes in the context of their occupation.

  6. State-organized crimeCommitted by state and government officials in the pursuit of their jobs as representatives of the government. Organizational crime and devianceWrongdoing that occurs within the context of a formal organization or bureaucracy and is sanctioned by the norms and operating principles of the organization.

  7. Racial profilingThe use of race alone as the criterion for deciding whether to stop and detain someone, such as the driver of an automobile, on suspicion of committing a crime. de jure segregationSegregation by law.

  8. de facto segregationSegregation in practice. Money laundering.Money acquired through criminal activity in one country can, via such networks, be transferred to another country entirely.

  9. BioterrorismForm of terrorism involving the dispersion of chemical or biological substances intended to cause widespread disease and death.

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