Programme 1 - RESILIENT AND ENGAGED COMMUNITIES

1. Cluster for Sustainable Cities Programme 1 - RESILIENT AND ENGAGED COMMUNITIES Dr Silvio Caputo and Dr Ann Coats

2. Research focus of co-leader Silvio Caputo Green and blue infrastructures Recently, theoretical and empirical studies have focused on participation of all stakeholders as one of the key elements to implement interventions for urban sustainability. Planning and urban policies, in particular, have developed new approaches to participation including localism, co-creation and strategic planning. This programme will build on these approaches to investigate co-creational approaches to sustainable cities in their varied aspects. A research interest in green and blue infrastructures will be the starting point for an investigation in which urban communities will co-produce solutions for an enhanced use of green spaces to improve urban health conditions. This will advance knowledge of urban sustainability, which is one of the objectives of the Cluster.

3. Research focus of co-leader Ann Coats Social sustainability Heritage sustainability • The concept of sustainable value represents many aspects, of which commercial rental value is just one. • It includes the aesthetic design and appearance of traditionally constructed houses set within their historic context and the embodied energy of houses built by manual labour from locallyproduced materials, or those produced by pre-mass-produced concrete processes. • Sustainable renovation of period buildings retains a unique tangible built heritage and an intangiblecommunityheritage. Sustainability is also concerned with heritage and social sustainability, and that is where my research expertise lies. My work with historic communities shows that their voice and participation is needed to create a sustainable built environment, which is one of the Cluster’s goals. Political and economic pressures and professional ignorance have destroyed viable buildings which could have delivered economic, aesthetic, cultural and social assets.

4. Unsustained heritage: Gibraltar 1 • Gibraltar Rosia Bay Water Tanks were built 1799–1804 to provide water and victualling supplies for the Royal Navy because there were then no British or allied bases in the Mediterranean. They were in operation by March 1804, eighteen months before the Battle of Trafalgar. After the battle British ships and captured prizes took on water and stores from Rosia Bay before returning home. • Rainwater collected from the Victualling Yard roof was stored in six underground tanks, cut into the cliffs to avoid building retaining walls, with a pump house on the surface. They held 5,000 tons of water. • Tank No. 1: 60m long x 4.5m wide x 6.5m high • Tank No. 2: 60m long x 4.5m wide x 6.5m high • Tank No. 3: 60m long x 4.5m wide x 6.5m high • Tank No. 4: 55m long x 4.5m wide x 6.5m high • Tank No. 5: 58m long x 4.8m wide x 6.5m high • Tank No. 6: 58m long x 7.2m wide x 6.5m high • Built of brick (from the UK and Mediterranean, including re-used Roman bricks), sand-lime mortar and hydraulic cement to waterproof the tanks, their vaulted roofs provided a sloping catchment surface and directed the water to the settlement and storage tanks. It was gravity fed to the quay for ships’ boats to collect. Five generations of one family Community protests against demolition

5. Unsustained heritage: Gibraltar 2 • The MoD continued to use the tanks until April 2004 (200 years’ continuous use ), when they, with scores of other MoD sites, were given to the Gibraltar Government. In October 2005, when Gibraltar was hosting international celebrations for Trafalgar 200, the Chief Minister announced that they would be demolished to build an 8-storey block of 200 ‘affordable’ flats. Within 21 days 3,000 signatures, 10% of the Gibraltarian population, were collected to object. • With no Environmental Impact Assessment or archaeological/architectural survey carried out by the government, Gibraltar Heritage Trust took the case to Judicial Review in January 2006 but had to withdraw because it lacked funds to pay legal damages. Gibraltar South District Association carried on the campaign, holding public meetings, vigils and press conferences, but larger priorities determined their fate. The Tanks were demolished in August 2006. Nelson’s View 2011 http://www.gcarchitects.gi/projects/nelson_view.html Demolition August 2006

6. Unsustained heritage: Bermuda • These 24 1850s rare Victorian Bermuda Dockyard tradesmen’s dwellings were built because there were no nearby towns. They blend British and Bermudian building styles. • Built durably of Bermuda limestone and teak, they needed limewashing every two years to keep them in good condition, but no maintenance had been carried out since 2009, neglecting duty of care and Department of Planning, Development in the Royal Naval Dockyard guidelines GN202, 2015, pp. 3, 5, 7, 14). http://www.planning.gov.bm/Documents/Final%20Bermuda%20Plan%202008/Guidance%20Notes/GN202%20Royal%20Naval%20Dockyard.pdf. • Resident in 2012: “These homes are a part of Dockyard history, they are 150 years old and they are solid buildings but more importantly they are family homes”. http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20120530/NEWS01/705299922 • Attempts since 2012 to persuade the NGO not to demolish, but enable an historic buildings trust to be set up - and a final attempt to list them, were fruitless. They were demolished in May 2016 at a cost of $331,400. http://bernews.com/tag/victoriarowdemolition/ Victoria Row 2007 Demolition of Victoria Row 2016

7. Programme 1 -Resilient and Engaged Communities • This programme will investigate the development of alternative urban models capable of generating improved quality of life and enhanced environmental and socio-economic resilience.

8. Programme objectives Objective 1 Objective 2 • To explorecommunity mechanisms for green and blue infrastructures and bottom-up social action networks as a potential paradigm shift within the sustainable urbanism and resilience debates. • To investigateparticipatoryapproaches to co-create urban development and upgrade sustainably the existing building stock and urban heritage.

9. Contextual debates and focus Debates Focus • projects generating empirical evidence such as pilots or scientific studies measuring enhanced community engagement, wellbeing and resilience at large within aspects of urban sustainability. Social cohesion health and wellbeing food in the city urban ecology historic building regeneration bottom-up practices Sustainable urbanism Socio-economic resilience

10. Primary Academic Targets Primary academic target 1 Primary academic target 2 • To disseminate their outcomes through publications, workshops, events and other activities To develop pilot investigative projects: Green and Blue Infrastructure Project Bottom-up CommunityHeritage Regeneration Project

11. Secondary Academic Targets Secondary academic target 1 To create one or more impact case studies which can submitted to REF 2020

12. Secondary Academic Targets Secondary academic target 2 To expand interdisciplinary networks to include a wide variety of contacts: academics, practitioners, industry, community groups and NGOs

13. Secondary Academic Targets Secondary academic target 3 To gain current and future project partners from this interdisciplinary group

14. Programme co-leaders will catalyse activity by: • seeking collaborations with external partners • leading and stimulating the development of funding bids • accruing a critical mass of academics, professionals and lay people focused on attaining the targets

15. Co-leaderactions Action 1 Example: • Food Portsmouth is a group of academics and people from other organisations that could join the Cluster for Sustainable Cities. They will be invited to join the programme and discuss the Green and Blue Infrastructure and the Bottom-up CommunityHeritage Regeneration Projects Launch a cross-departmental call to recruit members, presenting the programme, its scope and activities/ projects

16. Co-leaderactions Action 2 Development • This data will be shared subsequently with all members of the programme Map relevant funding bodies for these two projects

17. Co-leaderactions Action 3 Workshops • Presentations by visiting lecturers and local speakers: • Green and Blue Infrastructure Project • Bottom-up CommunityHeritage Regeneration Project • Discussions to identify the research agenda and resources forthe pilot projects Organise workshops or similar eventsto developthe two projects

18. Co-leaderactions Action 4 Public Sector Partners to be targeted • Europa Nostra • Historic England • Solent Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) • Partnership for Urban South Hampshire (PUSH) • Food Portsmouth • John Pounds Centre • Portsmouth Friends of the Earth We anticipate that during the first year at least two proposals will be submitted for funding from HLF and other funding bodies.

19. Programme 1 - RESILIENT AND ENGAGED COMMUNITIES - Flowchart