Totalitarianism Chapter 14 Section 2

1. TotalitarianismChapter 14 Section 2

2. Objectives • Define totalitarianism • Describe Stalin’s goal of transforming the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. • Summarize Stalin’s state-controlled economic programs. • Describe Soviet daily life.

3. Terms • Totalitarianism • a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state. • Great Purge • A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union during the 1930s, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all Communist Party members and other citizens who threatened his power

4. Command Economy • an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government. • Five-Year Plan • as a list of economic goals, created by General Secretary Joseph Stalin and based on his policy of Socialism in One Country.  • Collective Farm • A large government-controlled farm formed by combining many small farms.

5. Video • Stalin Mini Bio • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_2of8pmHYU

6. Read • Chapter 14 Section 2 • Answer questions 3,4,5

7. 3. What are the key traits of a totalitarian state? • Dictatorship and one-party rule, dynamic leader, ideology, state control, modern technology, methods of enforcement. • 4. What are some ways totalitarian rulers keep their power? • Police terror, indoctrination, propaganda and censorship, persecution • 5. How did the Soviet economy change under the direction of Stalin? • Industry increased by more than 25 percent and production of wheat doubled. There were severe shortages of consumer goods.

8. Took control of country after death of Lenin • Ruled from 1922-1953 Stalin

9. Monitored telephones and mail, used secret informers • GREAT PURGES- turned against members of the Communist party. Show trials accused anyone threatening his power of treason • Thousands executed or sent to labor camps • 8-13 million died Methods of Control

10. Controlled all newspapers, movies, and radio. • Censored any work that did not conform to his ideas • Artists forced to create works that glorified Stalin and the Soviet Union Use of Propaganda

11. Government controlled all education from pre-school through university. • Curriculum stressed importance of sacrificing own happiness for the good of others and glorified Bolshevik party • Not allowed creativity or individual thought Education

12. Wanted people to worship communism, not God • Used propaganda to show that religion was just superstition • Russian Orthodox leaders executed or exiled • Churches and synagogues destroyed Religion

13. Government made all economic decisions • Five year plans-set quotas to increase output of steel, coal, oil. • To reach these targets sacrificed manufacture of consumer goods-severe shortages of housing, food, clothing, etc. • In first 5 years, increased steel production by 25%. Were almost caught up to rest of Europe by World War II Control of Industry

14. Government took private farms, combined them in to large government owned farms • On these COLLECTIVE FARMS everyone worked together-government controlled all production equipment • Kulaks (wealthy peasants) resisted and were eliminated • Many killed animals and crops in protest • 5-10 million were killed • Massive famine- tens of millions starve as Stalin exports Russia’s grain to make money to industrialize Agriculture

15. Women forced to work as part of 5 year plans • Government provided free child care • Were given new educational opportunities in science and medicine • Propaganda still encouraged women to have children to create a new workforce and replace people lost in World Wars. Gains for Women

16. Notes  DEFINITION of 'Command Economy' A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced and the price at which the goods will be offered for sale. The command economy is a key feature of any communist society. China, Cuba, North Korea and the former Soviet Union are examples of countries that have command economies. BREAKING DOWN 'Command Economy' Also known as a planned economy, command economies are unable to efficiently allocate goods because of the knowledge problem - the central planner's inability to discern how much of a good should be produced. Shortages and surpluses are a common consequence of command economies. A free-market price system, on the other hand, signals to producers what they should be creating and in what quantities, resulting in a much more efficient allocation of goods.

17. Organization of Centrally Planned Economies In a centrally planned economy, the government owns both land and capital. The government decides what to produce, how much to produce, and how much to charge. Communism is a political system characterized by a centrally planned economy with all economic and political power resting in the hands of the government. Communist governments are authoritarian in nature. Socialismis a social and political philosophy based on the belief that democratic means should be used to distribute wealth evenly throughout a society.

18. German philosopher • Developed radical approach to understanding and coping with the problems that occurred in free market systems • Published the Communist Manifesto in 1848 with close friend Frederick Engels. • In his pamphlet he argued that history is a series of class struggles between the rich capitalists and the working class “proletariat”. • He believed that eventually workers needed to unite and revolt against the capitalists. This revolution would then breed a classless society. KARL MARX(1818-1883)

19. Frederick Engels Karl Marx

20. Philosophy Becomes Reality • In 1917, the ideas proposed by Marx would become a reality. • The Bolshevik Revolution, led by communist Vladimir Lenin, would result in a centrally planned society.

21. The Creation of the Soviet Union

22. The Soviet Experiment • Land, labor and capital was all controlled by the state. The best resources were allocated to to the armed forces, space program, and Heavy industry.( Heavy industry requires a large capital investment to produce items used in other industries. Chemical, steel, and heavy machinery manufacturing are heavy industries) STALIN

23. The Soviet Experiment • Government committees decided the quantity, process and distribution of all products. • The government created large state-owned farms and collectives to produce all agricultural products. • Under this system there was little incentive to produce, and the Soviet Union saw a rapid decline in the production of agricultural goods. STALIN

24. Centrally planned economies face problems of poor-quality goods, shortages, and diminishing production.

25. Other Problems in Centrally Planned Economies • Performance falls short of the set ideals • Fail to meet consumer needs and wants • Little individual incentives to work hard • Lack of innovation • Expensive and inflexible government structure needed to manage the system • Sacrifice of individual freedoms to pursue societal goals

26. Why do centrally planned economies have difficulty meeting consumer needs? • Centrally planned economies eliminate competition, giving businesses no incentives to produce consumer goods of a high quality. Also, the large bureaucracy needed in this type of economy is not flexible enough to respond to consumer demands.

27. Come up with your own political cartoon about a command economy.It can either be positive or negative. Homework

29. The Meaning Behind the Flag The hammer and sickle originate from the unique Russian unity of the peasants (the sickle) with the workers (the hammer) who together formed the Soviet Russian state. • The Red field is symbolism of the blood that has been spilt by workers the world over in the fight for their emancipation. • The single yellow star is the representation of the life and immense energy of the sun, empty because within is the blood or production of workers struggle.

30. Five Year plan