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Enlightenment

Enlightenment. Natural Law Rules discoverable by reason Used to understand social, economic, and political problems Thomas Hobbes People were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish Without law life would be solitary, poor, nasty, and brutish. Social contract

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Enlightenment

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  1. Enlightenment

  2. Natural Law • Rules discoverable by reason • Used to understand social, economic, and political problems • Thomas Hobbes • People were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish • Without law life would be solitary, poor, nasty, and brutish

  3. Social contract • An agreement by which people gave up their freedom for an organized society • Only an absolute monarchy could impose order and obedience

  4. John Locke • Believed that people were basically reasonable and moral • Natural rights • Rights that belong to all humans at birth • Right to life, liberty, and property

  5. Government was formed in order to protect these natural rights • Government should have limited power and be accepted by all citizens • People have the right to overthrow the government • Influenced the American Revolution

  6. Montesquieu • The Spirit of the Laws • Discussed governments throughout history • Best way to govern was to divide the various functions of government

  7. Three branches • Legislative, executive, judicial • Each branch should have the right to check on one another • US Constitution

  8. Voltaire • Most famous philosophe • Targeted corrupt officials and aristocrats • Wrote about inequality, injustice, and superstition • Imprisoned and forced into exile

  9. Diderot • Produced a 28 volume set of books called the Encyclopedia. • Contained articles that discussed ideas on government, philosophy, and religion. • Helped spread enlightenment ideas all across Europe and the Americas

  10. Rousseau • Felt people were naturally good, but were corrupted by the evils of society • Society placed too many limitations on people • Only governments that were elected by the people should put limitations on people • Emphasized the “general will” of people

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