Foreign and Commonwealth Office United Kingdom

1. Lessons from the British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Reserve: John McManus Foreign and Commonwealth Office United Kingdom

3. Introduction • The BIOT MPA was proclaimed on 01 April 2010 and remains the world’s largest no-take MPA at 640,000 km2. • British overseas territories account for 90% of the UK’s biodiversity. • We are big by default rather than by design. • The size of the MPA has nevertheless brought incredible diversity.

4. Addressing Challenges • Resource limitations; e.g., patrol boat, lack of science, network, PR staff. • NGO and sponsor support being used to address challenges; e.g., Bertarelli Foundation; Zoological Society of London.

5. Parting Thoughts • We may not be a model. • We are a world asset. • We are keen to share our experiences with others.

7. Lessons from the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: ‘Aulani Wilhelm Manager, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States of America

9. Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument & World Heritage Site Most remote ¾ of the most remote island chain in the world––the Hawaiian Archipelago. Includes marine and terrestrial features. Far from populated islands.

10. WHERE NATURE & CULTURE ARE ONE • Unique Marine Ecosystems • Cultural Significance • Global and Regional Connections • Integrated Management • Education and Next Generation Investment

11. BENEFITS OF LARGE-SCALE

12. CONSERVATION Protects whole ecosystems and processes Insurance policy & Food security SCIENCE (Inter-) Connectivity across and among ecosystems Increases understanding, free of anthropogenic impacts Comparisons across wide gradients

13. POLICY & LAW Size forced attention at the highest levels of government Unprecedented commitment to ocean protection Challenged use of EEZ by single-industries SOCIO-ECONOMIC Raised the media profile of ocean conservation Reunited our archipelago, reminding us of our wealth Conservatively generated >$110M across 10 years

14. CULTURAL Honored the sacredness of the area across the span of our entire ʻHawaiian Universeʻ Offers a place to practice that still contains the natural abundance our ancestors enjoyed

15. CHALLENGES

16. Large = Expensive, Remote = complicated Threats are global, beyond management control Enforcement and surveillance Sustained public and political support Too large to fully survey and understand Cross-jurisdictional and cross-cultural management

17. LESSONS LEARNED

18. TOP FIVE Public and political support is critical Build strong scientific relationships and partners Communicate and educate – can never do this enough Be strategic, remain relevant Think generationally – build the next generation

19. www.papahanaumokuakea.gov

20. PART TWO: Group discussion Is is better to “go large” with the size of marine protected areas? If so, why do you think this? What are the benefits that you think come from large-scale MPAs that are not found with smaller ones? What are the unique challenges or issues that come from trying to create and manage large-scale MPAs?

21. Closing Remarks: Elizabeth McLanahan Director, Office of International Affairs National Marine Fisheries Service U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

22. 감사합니다 Thank you  Gracias  Merci www.BigOceanManagers.org