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Chapter 12 Study Guide

Chapter 12 Study Guide. FALCON SCIENCE. LESSON 1. Changes in matter can be physical or chemical. E.G. Physical are cutting, bending, crushing, melting, freezing, & boiling. E.G. Chemical are burning, rusting, & cooking. Reactant- substances that undergo a chemical change.

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Chapter 12 Study Guide

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  1. Chapter 12 Study Guide FALCON SCIENCE

  2. LESSON 1 • Changes in matter can be physical or chemical. • E.G. Physical are cutting, bending, crushing, melting, freezing, & boiling. • E.G. Chemical are burning, rusting, & cooking. • Reactant- substances that undergo a chemical change. • Product- is the result of that chemical change/ the new substance that formed.

  3. 6. Law of Conservation of Mass – the fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change. 7. A chemical change occurred if…. * gas bubbles are formed * energy is taken in (endo) or released (exo) * a new substance is formed 8. Exothermic – energy exits (released) 9. Endothermic- energy enters (taken in) 10. 3 indicators of a chemical change are precipitate, gas bubbles, or change of color/smell.

  4. Lesson 2 We balance equations to demonstrate law of conservation of mass. Formula-show ratio/recipe Equation- Coefficient -number in front of formula

  5. Balancing Equations Write the equation: Al + N2 → AlN • Determine the # of atoms for each element • Pick the atom not equal on both sides • Add a coefficient in front of the formula and adjust the amounts (coefficients & subscripts multiply) • Continue adding coefficients to get the same # of atoms of each element , on each side of the equation.

  6. Let‘s try some balancing equation examples: • KI + CL2 → KCL + I2 • Fe + O2 → Fe3O4 • S + Cl2 → SCl2 *Determine the # of atoms for each element *Pick the atom not equal on both sides *Add a coefficient in front of the formula and adjust the amounts (coefficients & subscripts multiply) *Continue adding coefficients to get the same # of atoms of each element , on each side of the equation.

  7. Lesson 3 1. Reactants need enough energy to break up their chemical bonds 2. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

  8. Exo& Endo thermic graphs

  9. 5. Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction are surface area, temperature, concentration and presence of catalysts and inhibitors. 6. More surface area exposed – reaction happens faster (think of chewing small pieces of food) 7. Higher temperature – faster reaction 8. Increasing concentration – faster reaction 9. Large concentrations of reactants supplies more particles to react. (the more TNT the bigger the boom) 10. Catalyst – increase the rate of a chemical reaction; with a catalyst less activation energy is needed 11. Enzyme – these are biological catalysts needed for the 1,000’s of reactions in our bodies. 12. Inhibitor – decreases or prevents the rate of a chemical reaction

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