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Chapter 12.2 Study Guide. Main Idea: American and British forces defeated the Germans in North Africa and in the Atlantic, while Soviet forces defeated Germany at Stalingrad.
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Chapter 12.2 Study Guide • Main Idea: American and British forces defeated the Germans in North Africa and in the Atlantic, while Soviet forces defeated Germany at Stalingrad. • Detail: Stalin wanted Britain and America to open a second front by attacking Germany from the west, to take the pressure off the Soviet Union. • Detail:Egypt was very important to Britain because of the Suez Canal - the route used by most of Britain's empire to send supplies to Britain. • Detail: The German "AfrikaKorps" were commanded by General Erwin Rommel, a brilliant commander whose success earned him the nickname “Desert Fox”.
Chapter 12.2 Study Guide • Main Idea: American and British forces defeated the Germans in North Africa and in the Atlantic, while Soviet forces defeated Germany at Stalingrad. • Detail: Under the convoy system American cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships, making it much harder for a German Submarine to torpedo a cargo ship and escape without being attacked. • Detail: Just as the Battle of Midway put the Japanese on the defensive for the rest of the war, the Battle of Stalingrad put the Germans on the defensive.
Ch.12.4 - Pushing the Axis Back • The first large Allied invasion of the war was the attack on NORTH AFRICA. • Among the agreements reached at the CASABLANCACONFERENCE was the decision to step up the bombing of Germany. • Winston Churchill called Italy the “SOFTUNDERBELLY” of Europe and was convinced that Italians would quit the war if the Allies invaded their homeland.
Ch.12.4 - Pushing the Axis Back • The ITALIANCAMPAIGN was one of the bloodiest in the war, costing the Allies more than 300,000 casualties. • At the Tehran, Iran, meeting with Churchill and Roosevelt, Stalin promised to launch a FULL-SCALEOFFENSIVE against the Germans when the Allies invaded France in 1944. • Stalin also promised that once Germany was beaten, the Soviet Union would help THEU.S. DEFEATJAPAN.
Ch.12.4 - Pushing the Axis Back • Although the German defenses along the coast of France were formidable, the Allies did have one advantage: THEELEMENTOFSURPRISE. • To convince the Germans that the Allies were planning to land at Pas-de-Calais, the Allies placed INFLATEDRUBBERTANKS, EMPTYTENTS and DUMMYLANDINGCRAFT along the coast across from Calais. • Nearly 7,000 ships carrying more than 100,000 soldiers set sail for the coast of Normandy on JUNE 6, 1944.
Ch.12.4 - Pushing the Axis Back • Under intense German fire, the American assault almost DISINTEGRATED. • By the end of the day, nearly 35,000 American troops had landed at Omaha, and another 23,000 had landed at Utah. Over 75,000 British and Canadian troops were on shore as well.
Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial • There are 9,386 American war dead buried here and 307 of the headstones mark the graves of unknowns from the landings on D-Day. The remains of approximately 14,000 others originally buried in this region were returned home at the request of their next of kin.
Overhead View of the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial
