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The Construction of a Pun Generator for Language Skills Development

The Construction of a Pun Generator for Language Skills Development. Humor Generation SoSe 2010 Lourdes Lara Tapia. Overview. Introduction. Early pun generators. JAPE. STANDUP. STANDUP in the Praxis. Evaluation Conclusion. References. Introduction. What is a Pun Generator?

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The Construction of a Pun Generator for Language Skills Development

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  1. The Construction of a Pun Generator for Language Skills Development Humor Generation SoSe 2010 Lourdes Lara Tapia

  2. Overview • Introduction. • Early pun generators. • JAPE. • STANDUP. • STANDUP in the Praxis. • Evaluation • Conclusion. • References. Humor Generation

  3. Introduction • What is a Pun Generator? • A pun Generator is a Computer Program which generates jokes. • What is a Joke? • It is a short text which provoke laughter. • A joke has normally a Punchline. • There are different kind of Jokes: • Punning riddles Humor Generation

  4. Introduction • A punning riddle is a simple question-answer joke in which the answer makes a play on words: • What do you call a good bye that has a tooth? • A saw long. Humor Generation

  5. Introduction • What kind of ambiguity is used here? • What do you call a good bye that has a tooth? • A saw long. Phonetic similarity Semantic relation Synonym Meronym Homophone • A So long Humor Generation

  6. Early pun generators • Raskin (1985): • Incongruity Theory. • Lesard & Levison (1992): • VINCI: Tom Swift • “we must hurry”, said Tom Swiftly. • “I hate Math”, Tom added • Binsted & Ritchie (1994): • JAPE: • Punning riddle uses phonological and semantical ambiguity • Used a large lexicon (WordNet) • Properly controlled evaluation of the output was carried out. Humor Generation

  7. Early pun generators • Venour (1999): • The Homonym Common Phrase Pun (HCPP). • A one-sentence set-up & • A punning punchline. • Mechanismus are similar to those used in JAPE • McKay (2002): • WISCRAIC: • Simple puns in 3-different linguistic forms: • Question-answer, single and two-sentences sequence. • Support 2nd-language learning Humor Generation

  8. Early pun generators • Nijholt (2003): • Communication with machines. • Stock et al. (2005): • HAHAcronym: • Acronym  funny concepts • Concept  funny Acronym • Mihalcea & Strapparava (2006): • Techniques to humor recognition: • Humurous and non-humorous. Humor Generation

  9. JAPE • Joke Analysis and Production Engine. • What is JAPE? • Computer Program • In Prolog by Binsted in 1994. • Several Version • JAPE-1 (pilot version) & JAPE2 • JAPE-3 & JAPE-4 (more flexible dictionary module) •  STANDUP in 2008. Humor Generation

  10. JAPE • JAPE produced short texts  punning riddles: • What is the difference between a pretty glove and a silent cat? • One is a cute mitten, the other is a mute kitten. • The Jokes were reliably distinguished from Non-Jokes. • The best of these were published in joke books for children. Humor Generation

  11. JAPE • The three main strategies used to create phonological ambiguity: • syllable substitution, • word substitution & • Metathesis • Joke-construction mechanisms. • Very similar to those in STANDUP Humor Generation

  12. JAPE • Deficiencies: • Few parameters available for variation. • There was no way to guide the software. • No real user interface. • The search for suitable words could be slow, unintelligent and exhaustive. • Good intelligible jokes was very small. • No facilities to compare words for phonological or semantically ambiguity. Humor Generation

  13. STANDUP • System To Augment Non-speakers Dialogue Using Puns. • This Program is aimed at young children, and lets them play with words and phrases by building punning riddles through a simple interactive user-interface. • Allow young children to explore the language. • Children with Complex Communication Needs (CNN). • Punning riddle. • “Language playground” Humor Generation

  14. Humor Generation

  15. Fig. http://www2.hawaii.edu/~bergen/papers/humor-IEEE.pdf Humor Generation

  16. STANDUP • What do you call a shout with a window? • A computer scream. Humor Generation

  17. Humor Generation

  18. Question What do you call a shout with a window? Header A shout with a window Body NP(shout) with a NP(window) Humor Generation

  19. STANDUP-Lexicon • WordNet as JAPE + • Phonetic similarity. • Speech Output. • Picture Support. • Topics. • Familiarity of words. • Vocabulary restriction. Humor Generation

  20. STANDUP-Facilities • Joke telling: • VOCA: Voice-Output Communication Aid. • assists people who are unable to use natural speech to express their needs and exchange information with other people during a conversation. • User Profiles: • Username. • Two kind of data: • Option settings. • Personal Data. • Standard Package: • Beginner • Touchscreen-user. Humor Generation

  21. STANDUP-Facilities • Logging: • Logged in a Disc file: • Allows researchers to study usage as required. • Log player • Dump the simulated re-runs into a video file. Humor Generation

  22. STANDUP-Software • ..\STANDUP Simple.bat Humor Generation

  23. STANDUP-Evaluation • Evaluate the effectiveness of the software. • No ambitious but qualitative study. • A group of 9 children (8-12years old) with cerebral palsy. • Scholars used the software spontaneously, • Found the “Tell the jokes-function” amazing and • Re-told the jokes afterwards. • 8 children reacted very positively • 1 of the older boys complained about the quality of the Jokes. • Anecdotal evidence: Children’s communication had improved. Humor Generation

  24. STANDUP-Evaluation • In the post-testing: • The Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness, PIPA, showed no sign of improved. • Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, CELF, only the older boy, who complained, showed no sign of improved. Humor Generation

  25. Conclusion • Humor is one of the most sophisticated forms of human intelligence. • On the cognitive side humor has two very important properties: • it helps getting and keeping people’s attention. • it helps remembering. • On the artificial intelligence side computational humor is a challenge with implications for many classical fields. Humor Generation

  26. Conclusion • The development of all its facets is not something for the near future, the phenomena are too complex. • Simple puns, at least, can be modelled formally, and can be generated by a program. • The software is definitely usable for a practical application by children with communication disabilities to develop their linguistic skills. Humor Generation

  27. Discussion • Questions • Opinion or • Comments Humor Generation

  28. Thank you for your attention Humor Generation

  29. References • Binsted, K. 1996. Machine humour: An implemented model of puns. Ph. D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. • Binsted, K., H. Pain, and G. Ritchie. 1997. Children's evaluation of computer generated punning riddles. Pragmatics and Cognition 5 (2), 305-354. • Manurung, R., G. Ritchie, H. Pain, A. Waller, D. O'Mara, R. Black (2008). The construction of a pun generator for language skills development. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 22(9) pp. 841-869. • Ritchie, G. 2001. Current directions in computational humour. Artificial Intelligence Review 16 (2), 119-135. • Ritchie, G. 2003. The JAPE riddle generator: technical specification. Informatics Research Report EDI-INF-RR-0158, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. • Stock, O. and C. Strapparava. 2003. HAHAcronym: Humorous agents for humorous acronyms. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 16 (3), 297-314. • http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/~gritchie/ • http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/research/standup/software.php • http://www.csd.abdn.ac.uk/research/standup/downloads/UserManual.html Humor Generation

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