Skills for the Development of Self Instructional

1. Skillsfor the Development of Self Instructional/learning Multi-media materials(SLIM)

2. What does a SLIM Designer Do? Determine what the learners need to know (learning needs analysis) Develop learning outcomes Plan assessment at the end of the course as well as during the course Allocate outcomes to various units of the course

3. What does a SLIM Designer Do? (Contd.) Decide the kinds of activities needed to achieve the outcomes of the unit Decide the examples needed to enable learners learn each outcome Identify any graphics needed Plan the self assessment needed for that unit Write the unit Test & evaluate the materials Revise to take account of the evaluation results

4. Skills Needed Analyse learning needs of learners and write Learning outcomes for the unit Write sections and sub-sections Write intext questions for self assessment/feedback Summing Up Designing Unit end exercises

5. What Are Learning Outcomes? Statements of intent (what the learner should be able to do as a result of studying the particular unit) Learner competency/objectives related statements

6. Types of Objectives Objectives can be classified in many different ways Benjamin Bloom identified three domains of objectives: -Cognitive Domain (Thinking) -Affective Domain (Feeling) Psycho-motor Domain (Doing)

7. Cognitive Domain Cognitive Domain connected with thinking and knowledge is obviously the most important for SLIM Designers. There are six levels under this domain: Knowledge Understanding/Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

8. Characteristics of good Learning Objectives LOs should indicate the learner beahaviour at the end of the unit. Objectives should be: - Specific - Measurable - Achievable - Realistic - Time-bound (SMART) They should also be simple, clear and precise.

9. Sources of Objectives Syllabus/Module/Unit outlines/Subject Content Nature/level of the Target Group Skills/Attitudes to be developed/changed Learning Objectives of the subject/course Own Experience of the course/unit writer

10. Value of Objectives Enable SLIM Developers to: Clarify educational intentions Identify and sequence content Decide on most appropriate media (in case of multi-media materials) Select the most appropriate activities Decide on suitable ways of assessing learning Evaluate the effects & effectiveness of materials

11. Value of Objectives Advantages for Learners: Show them what is to be covered in the unit (concepts to be learned, skills to be mastered) Present them with challenges ahead and standards to be achieved Enable them to evaluate themselves (assess own progress against objectives) Build their self confidence Prepare them for learning and examinations

12. Write sections and sub-sections Arouse attention and motivate Link up with previous knowledge In-built guidance for learning Activate � suggest activities for learning in between Provide feedback (through intext questions) Facilitate retention (tables, graphics, flow charts, etc. in between and summarizing at the end)

13. Writing Clearly Use Familiar words in preference to less familiar.

14. Use short sentences in preference to long, but not at the expense of cohesion Do not use unnecessary words and phrases Highlight the key points

15. Write in a logical order

16. Give specific and concrete instances

17. Prefer the positive to the negative

18. In-text questions Provide feedback for self assessment Put in variety of questions: mainly objective and short answer Questions should be based on the preceding section/sub-sections Answers or hints be provided

19. Summing Up Recapitulation of the whole unit Highlight important points Help in retention Help in quick revision

20. Unit end exercises Meant for self assessment of learning after the whole unit Variety of questions Essay type long questions may be included Questions should be stated in clear unambiguous language Ansers/hints may be provided

21. THANK YOU Anita devraj